怯

怯	U+602F, 怯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-602F

← 怮
[U+602E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

怰 →
[U+6030]

Translingual

Han character

怯 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心土戈 (PGI), four-corner 9403₁, composition ⿰忄去)

Derived characters

𠵐𢯖𨨤

References

KangXi: page 382, character 18

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10491

Dae Jaweon: page 712, character 8

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2283, character 6

Unihan data for U+602F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		怯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 怯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (去) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
佉	*kʰal
呿	kʰal, kʰas, *kʰab
抾	kʰɯ, kʰɯ, *kʰab
弆	kaʔ, kʰaʔ
祛	*kʰa
袪	*kʰa
阹	*kʰa
胠	kʰa, kʰas, *kʰab
魼	kʰa, kʰl'aːb
去	kʰaʔ, kʰas
麮	kʰaʔ, kʰas
鼁	*kʰas
砝	kaːb, kab
劫	kab, kab
鉣	*kab
蜐	kab, kab
怯	*kʰab

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiè, què

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝˋ, ㄑㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hip³
Min Bei (KCR): kiĕ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khiap

(Teochew, Peng'im): kiab⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻieh⁴
  - Yale: chyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chieh
  - Palladius: це (ce)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: què
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüeh⁴
  - Yale: chywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
  - Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hip³
  - Yale: hip
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hip⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: hib³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːp̚³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiɛ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiap
  - Tâi-lô: khiap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiab
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiap̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiap̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiap̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiap̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kiab⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiap
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiap̚²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 怯
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰie⁵¹/ /t͡ɕʰye⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰiɛ⁵³/ /t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰie⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰiə²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰiə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰiɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰiə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰie³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰie²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰieʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰieʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰie²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰie²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiap̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hip̚³/
	Nanning	/hip̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/hip̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰiap̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰiɛʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰiɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰiap̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hiap̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kʰɨɐp̚/

Rime
Character	怯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	嚴 (147)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去劫切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨap̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiap̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hip³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰab/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怯
Reading #	1/1
No.	10698
Phonetic component	去
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	怯
Old Chinese	/*kʰab/
Notes	說文同㹤

Definitions

怯

timid; cowardly
nervous

Compounds

劣怯
卑怯 (bēiqiè)
大勇若怯
寒怯
小怯大勇
弱怯怯
心怯 (xīnqiè)
怯上
怯口 (quèkǒu)
怯夫
怯床
怯弱 (qièruò)
怯怯
怯怯羞羞
怯懦 (qiènuò)
怯死
怯生 (qièshēng)
怯生生

怯症
恇怯
情怯
畏怯 (wèiqiè)
瘦怯怯
羞怯 (xiūqiè)
羞怯怯
脆怯
薄怯
薄怯怯
薄薄怯怯
退怯怯
露怯 (lòuqiè)
三好兩怯／三好两怯
不怯氣／不怯气
勞怯／劳怯
喬怯／乔怯
嬌怯／娇怯

嬌怯怯／娇怯怯
怯場／怯场 (qièchǎng)
怯怯喬喬／怯怯乔乔
怯憐戶／怯怜户
怯殼兒／怯壳儿
怯禮／怯礼
怯聲怯氣／怯声怯气
怯話／怯话
怯陣／怯阵
怯頭怯惱／怯头怯恼
懼怯／惧怯 (jùquè)
膽怯／胆怯 (dǎnqiè)
臨死不怯／临死不怯
虛怯／虚怯
軟怯怯／软怯怯
近鄉情怯／近乡情怯
餒怯／馁怯

References

“Query for 怯”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

怯

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

to be scared, to be frightened
timid; cowardly

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)^{←こふ (kofu, historical)}
Kan-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けふ (kefu, historical)}
Kun: おびえる (obieru, 怯る); おじける (ojikeru, 怯じける); おそれる (osoreru, 怯れる); ひるむ (hirumu, 怯む); よわい (yowai, 怯い)

Compounds

怯(きょう)臆(おく) (kyōoku)
怯(きょう)悸(き) (kyōki)
怯(きょう)者(しゃ) (kyōsha)
怯(きょう)弱(じゃく) (kyōjaku)
怯(きょう)懦(だ) (kyōda)
怯(きょう)夫(ふ) (kyōfu)
怯(きょ)弱(じゃく) (kyojaku)
卑(ひ)怯(きょう) (hikyō)
勇(ゆう)怯(きょう) (yūkyō)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 怯 (MC kʰɨɐp̚).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kʌ̹p̚]
Phonetic hangul: [겁]

Hanja

Wikisource 怯 (eumhun 겁(怯)낼 겁 (geomnael geop))

fear, fright

Compounds

겁나 (怯懦, geomna)
겁눌 (怯訥, geomnul)
겁렬 (怯劣, geomnyeol)
겁부 (怯夫, geopbu)
겁설 (怯薛, geopseol)
겁성 (怯聲, geopseong)
겁심 (怯心, geopsim)
겁약 (怯弱, geobyak)
겁의 (怯疑, geobui)
겁침 (怯鍼, geopchim)
겁타 (怯惰, geopta)
겁포 (怯怖, geop'po)
겁협 (怯脅, geophyeop)
경겁 (驚怯, gyeonggeop)
공겁 (恐怯, gonggeop)
과겁 (過怯, gwageop)
기겁 (氣怯, gigeop)
나겁 (愞怯, nageop)
나겁 (懦怯, nageop)
노겁 (老怯, nogeop)
다겁 (多怯, dageop)
대겁 (大怯, daegeop)
무겁 (無怯／無㥘, mugeop)
비겁 (卑怯, bigeop)
생겁 (生怯, saenggeop)
식겁 (食怯, sikgeop)
신겁 (腎怯, sin'geop)
심겁 (心怯, simgeop)
여겁 (餘怯, yeogeop)
외겁 (畏怯, oegeop)
자겁 (自怯, jageop)
취겁 (脆怯, chwigeop)
파겁 (破怯, pageop)
허겁 (虛怯, heogeop)
혼겁 (魂怯, hon'geop)
황겁 (惶怯, hwanggeop)
끽겁 (喫怯, kkikgeop)

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 怯

Vietnamese

Han character

怯: Hán Nôm readings: khiếp, khép

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