See also:
U+53BB, 去
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53BB

[U+53BA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+53BC]

Translingual

Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 28, +3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 土戈 (GI), four-corner 40731, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 164, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3070
  • Dae Jaweon: page 372, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 384, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+53BB

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms


dialectal

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : (man) + (mouth, object). Top figure simplified to , unrelated to (“scholar, gentleman”), while bottom simplified to . There are various interpretations of the combination of “man” and “mouth, object”. One is that the ideograph represented a man with a hole marked in his crotch, with the idea of “anus” (i.e. getting rid of) (Schuessler, 2007). Another is that it represented a man departing from a cave or city.

Alternatively, it may be the original character of (OC *kʰal, *kʰas, *kʰab, “to open one's mouth”), the meaning given by the combination of (“big”) and (“mouth”). The meaning “to depart” would be an extension of the meaning “to open one's mouth”, as the lips depart from each other when one's mouth is open.

Shuowen Jiezi interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas) : semantic (man) + phonetic 𠙴 ().

In addition, is also the original character of (OC *ɡaːb, “to cover”). The could be a cover on top of an object .

Etymology

There were two pronunciations in Middle Chinese. The rising tone pronunciation originally meant “to put away, to eliminate” (causative of “to go away”), and the falling tone “to go away, to leave, to depart” (anticausative). The merger of the two pronunciations already happened in Old Chinese and most extant dialects do not observe this distinction now.

This word is of Sino-Tibetan origin with the basic meaning of "to get rid of". Compare Tibetan སྐྱག (skyag, to spend, to lay out; dung, excrement), རྐྱག (rkyag, dirt, excrement), Burmese ကျ (kya., to fall, to become low), ချ (hkya., to put down, to bring down, to lower).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • qie4 - vernacular;
  • qu4 - literary.
Note: ké̤ṳ - "departing tone".
Note: khù - suburbs of Xiamen.
Note:
  • ke3 - Chaozhou, Chenghai, Shantou, Jieyang, Pontianak;
  • ku3 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: 2qi; 2qy
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/, /t͡ɕʰy³⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: ke4 / qy4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɤ̞⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵/

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
/t͡ɕʰi²¹/ 過~
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Yinchuan /kʰɯ¹³/
/t͡ɕʰy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
/t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
/kʰɯ³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
/t͡ɕʰie¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
/kʰe²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/ ~年
/kʰə²¹²/ ~大理
Nanjing /kʰi⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁵/ ~哪
/kəʔ²/ 上~
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/ 來~
/kəʔ⁴³/ 吃~
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
/t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁴⁴⁵/
/t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy⁴²/
/kʰei⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰy³²⁴/
/t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
Tunxi /kʰə⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
/kʰə⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰie⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
Taoyuan /kʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /høy³³/
Nanning /hy³³/
Hong Kong /høy³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰu²¹/
/kʰi²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɔ²¹²/
/kʰœ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰɔ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰɯ²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hu³⁵/
/xu³⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (29)
Final () (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter khjoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɨə̆H/
Li
Rong
/kʰiɔH/
Wang
Li
/kʰĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
heoi3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ khjoH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ʰ(r)ap-s/
English depart

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 10687
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰas/

Definitions

  1. to leave; to depart from
       shì   to pass away
  2. to go to; to leave for
    哪兒哪儿   nǎr?   Where are you going?
    Antonym: (lái)
  3. (before or after a verb) to go in order to do something
    辦公室請假 [MSC, trad.]
    办公室请假 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā dào bàngōngshì qǐngjiǎ. [Pinyin]
    He went to the office to ask for leave.
    釣魚網球 [MSC, trad.]
    钓鱼网球 [MSC, simp.]
    diàoyú le, ér méi dǎ wǎngqiú. [Pinyin]
    He went fishing instead of playing tennis.
  4. (between two verbs) to; in order to
  5. Used after a verb of motion to indicate movement away from the speaker.
       xià   to go down [ant. 下來下来 (xiàlái, “to come down”)]
       sòng    to send away
  6. to send; to dispatch
  7. to play (a part, a character); to act
  8. (euphemistic) to pass away; to die
  9. last; past
       nián   last year
  10. 66th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "departure" (𝍇)
  11. Short for 去聲去声 (qùshēng).
  12. (literary) to be separated by; to be apart by
  13. (neologism) what the hell; what; damn; fuck
          what the hell
Synonyms

Pronunciation 2


Note: heoi2 - rare.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (29)
Final () (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter khjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɨə̆X/
Li
Rong
/kʰiɔX/
Wang
Li
/kʰĭoX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
heoi2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ khjoX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[kʰ](r)aʔ/
English get rid of

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 10684
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰaʔ/

Definitions

  1. to remove; to get rid of
       diào   to remove
       tuō   to throw off
       chāi   to remove, to take off
    蝦腸虾肠   xiācháng   to remove the intestines from shrimp
    牛肉腥味之後好食 [Cantonese, trad.]
    牛肉腥味之后好食 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngau4 juk6 heoi3 zo2 di1 seng1 mei6 zi1 hau6 wui5 hou2 sik6 hou2 do1. [Jyutping]
    Beef tastes much better after you get rid of the rankness.
    白蝦白虾   tóu báixiā   headless white shrimp
    中心化   zhōngxīnhuà   decentralization
  2. to discard

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to hoard, to hide away”).
(This character, , is a variant form of .)

Pronunciation 4

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to run quickly; to expel; to disperse; etc.”).
(This character, , is a variant form of .)

Compounds

  • 一來二去一来二去 (yīlái'èrqù)
  • 一去不返 (yīqùbùfǎn)
  • 下不去
  • 三不去
  • 下去 (xiàqù)
  • 上去 (shàngqù)
  • 下得去
  • 不去
  • 不去手
  • 不告而去
  • 不如歸去不如归去
  • 不知去向 (bùzhīqùxiàng)
  • 人來客去人来客去
  • 人去樓空人去楼空
  • 以戰去戰以战去战
  • 以殺去殺以杀去杀
  • 何去何從何去何从 (héqùhécóng)
  • 來千去萬来千去万
  • 來去来去 (láiqù)
  • 來去分明来去分明
  • 來去匆匆来去匆匆
  • 來去自如来去自如
  • 來回來去来回来去 (láihuíláiqù)
  • 來情去意来情去意
  • 來蹤去影来踪去影
  • 來蹤去跡来踪去迹
  • 來龍去脈来龙去脉 (láilóngqùmài)
  • 克克拉去考勒 (Kèkèlāqùkǎolè)
  • 兜來兜去兜来兜去
  • 出去 (chūqù)
  • 刮骨去毒
  • 前去 (qiánqù)
  • 務實去華务实去华
  • 勝殘去殺胜残去杀
  • 化去
  • 去世 (qùshì)
  • 去事
  • 去任
  • 去住
  • 去住無門去住无门
  • 去你的 (qù nǐ de)
  • 去來去来
  • 去偽存真去伪存真 (qùwěicúnzhēn)
  • 去函
  • 去勢去势 (qùshì)
  • 去危就安
  • 去向 (qùxiàng)
  • 去國去国
  • 去天尺五
  • 去官 (qùguān)
  • 去寒
  • 去就
  • 去就之分
  • 去年 (qùnián)
  • 去後去后 (qùhòu)
  • 去得
  • 去掉 (qùdiào)
  • 去日
  • 去暑 (qùshǔ)
  • 去暗投明
  • 去本就末
  • 去根 (qùgēn)
  • 去梯言
  • 去極端化去极端化 (qùjíduānhuà)
  • 去歲去岁 (qùsuì)
  • 去殺勝殘去杀胜残
  • 去污
  • 去泰去甚
  • 去火 (qùhuǒ)
  • 去甚去泰
  • 去留 (qùliú)
  • 去病
  • 去粗取精 (qùcūqǔjīng)
  • 去聲去声 (qùshēng)
  • 去職去职 (qùzhí)
  • 去蕪存菁去芜存菁 (qùwúcúnjīng)
  • 去處去处 (qùchù)
  • 去路 (qùlù)
  • 去邪從正去邪从正
  • 去邪歸正去邪归正
  • 去鄉去乡
  • 去除 (qùchú)
  • 去雜去劣去杂去劣
  • 否去泰來否去泰来
  • 回去 (huíqù)
  • 大事去矣
  • 大勢已去大势已去 (dàshìyǐqù)
  • 大去
  • 大江東去大江东去
  • 失去 (shīqù)
  • 姘出去
  • 家去
  • 左來右去左来右去
  • 已去
  • 平上去入
  • 弄來弄去弄来弄去
  • 想來想去想来想去
  • 扭來扭去扭来扭去
  • 抹去 (mǒqù)
  • 拔去一丁
  • 拔葵去織拔葵去织
  • 拂衣而去
  • 拂袖而去 (fúxiù'érqù)
  • 捐殘去殺捐残去杀
  • 捕蛇去齒捕蛇去齿
  • 挺過去挺过去
  • 推來推去推来推去 (tuīláituīqù)
  • 掛冠而去挂冠而去
  • 掐頭去尾掐头去尾
  • 掉頭而去掉头而去
  • 揮之不去挥之不去 (huīzhībùqù)
  • 揚長而去扬长而去 (yángcháng'érqù)
  • 摘心去肝
  • 撒手歸去撒手归去
  • 攪來攪去搅来搅去
  • 放眼望去
  • 故去 (gùqù)
  • 春來秋去春来秋去
  • 春去秋來春去秋来
  • 晃來晃去晃来晃去
  • 時來暫去时来暂去
  • 暮去朝來暮去朝来
  • 有來有去有来有去
  • 朝來暮去朝来暮去
  • 東來西去东来西去
  • 歸去归去 (guīqù)
  • 歸去來兮归去来兮
  • 歸去來辭归去来辞
  • 死去活來死去活来
  • 沒去就没去就
  • 浮來暫去浮来暂去
  • 淘去
  • 減去减去
  • 滾來滾去滚来滚去
  • 滾出去滚出去 (gǔn chūqu)
  • 生來死去生来死去
  • 番來覆去番来覆去
  • 病去
  • 盡去尽去
  • 直去直來直去直来
  • 看不下去
  • 眉來眼去眉来眼去 (méiláiyǎnqù)
  • 眉來語去眉来语去
  • 相去 (xiāngqù)
  • 相去不遠相去不远
  • 相去咫尺
  • 相去天淵相去天渊
  • 相去懸殊相去悬殊
  • 相去無幾相去无几
  • 相去萬里相去万里
  • 省慾去奢省欲去奢
  • 眼去眉來眼去眉来
  • 破壁飛去破壁飞去
  • 算來算去算来算去
  • 絲來線去丝来线去
  • 絕裾而去绝裾而去
  • 翻來吊去翻来吊去
  • 翻來翻去翻来翻去
  • 翻來覆去翻来覆去 (fānláifùqù)
  • 臨去秋波临去秋波
  • 茹魚去蠅茹鱼去蝇
  • 衡陽雁去衡阳雁去
  • 褪去
  • 覆去翻來覆去翻来
  • 言來語去言来语去
  • 說不下去说不下去
  • 說不過去说不过去 (shuōbuguòqù)
  • 說來說去说来说去
  • 說得過去说得过去 (shuōdeguòqù)
  • 豁出去
  • 豬毋大,大對狗去猪毋大,大对狗去 (ti m̄ tōa, tōa tùi káu khì)
  • 賊去關門贼去关门
  • 走來走去走来走去 (zǒuláizǒuqù)
  • 踅來踅去踅来踅去
  • 踱來踱去踱来踱去
  • 進去进去
  • 過不去过不去 (guòbùqù)
  • 過去过去 (guòqù)
  • 過去式过去式 (guòqùshì)
  • 過得去过得去 (guòdeqù)
  • 過意不去过意不去 (guòyìbùqù)
  • 除凶去害
  • 除去 (chúqù)
  • 除殘去穢除残去秽
  • 除汙去垢除污去垢
  • 陰去阴去 (yīnqù)
  • 陳言務去陈言务去
  • 陽去阳去 (yángqù)
  • 雁去魚來雁去鱼来
  • 離去离去 (líqù)
  • 霍去病
  • 顛來倒去颠来倒去
  • 高來高去高来高去
  • 鳳去樓空凤去楼空
  • 鳳去秦樓凤去秦楼
  • 鳳去臺空凤去台空

See also

The tones (of Chinese) in Chinese · 聲調声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
平仄 (píngzè)
平聲平声 (píngshēng)
()
仄聲仄声 (zèshēng)
平上去入
四聲四声 (sìshēng)
古四聲古四声

平聲平声 (píngshēng)

上聲上声
()
去聲去声 (qùshēng)
()
入聲入声 (rùshēng)
標調方法标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
標調法标调法
四角標調法四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜂◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜆
[Term?] ◌〪 ◌〫 ◌〬 ◌〭
傍點傍点 ◌〮 ◌〯
-X -H -p -t -k (-ʔ)
四聲八調四声八调 陰平阴平 (yīnpíng) 陽平阳平 (yángpíng) 陰上阴上 (yīnshǎng) 陽上阳上 (yángshǎng) 陰去阴去 (yīnqù) 陽去阳去 (yángqù) 陰入阴入 (yīnrù) 陽入阳入 (yángrù)
(yīn) (yáng)
標調方法标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
標調法标调法
四角標調法四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜁◌ ꜂◌ ꜃◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜅ ◌꜆ ◌꜇
The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Chinese · 聲調声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
四聲四声 (sìshēng) 陰平阴平 (yīnpíng)
第一聲第一声
陽平阳平 (yángpíng)
第二聲第二声
上聲上声
第三聲第三声
去聲去声 (qùshēng)
第四聲第四声
輕聲轻声 (qīngshēng)

References

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to leave, to go away
  2. past

Readings

Compounds

See also

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun (gal geo))

  1. Hanja form? of (to leave; to go away).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: khứ, khử[1], khu[2]

  1. (literary) chữ Hán form of khứ (to leave, to go).
  2. chữ Hán form of khử (to remove).

Compounds

References

  1. Hồ (1976).
  2. Trần (1999).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.