感

See also: 惑
感 U+611F, 感
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-611F
← 愞
[U+611E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 愠 →
[U+6120]

Translingual
Stroke order
13 strokes

Han character

感 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈口心 (IRP), four-corner 53330, composition ⿱咸心(GJKV) or ⿵咸心(HT))

Derived characters
  • 𬿯, 𭂢, 𠿑, 㙳, 𡢳, 憾, 撼, 澸, 𭤚, 𣛴, 𤐉, 𤛸, 䃭, 𥽇, 𫄅, 𤜁, 䜗, 𧾔, 轗(𫐘), 𨣝, 𫓏, 𩞿, 𭭹, 鱤(鳡), 𪊄, 𣤮, 𦒝, 䫲, 𮭗, 𦽫, 䉞

References
  • KangXi: page 395, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10953
  • Dae Jaweon: page 733, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2321, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+611F

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 感
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
感 *kɯːmʔ
鱤 *kɯːmʔ
顑 *kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms
轗 *kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms
撼 *ɡɯːmʔ
憾 *ɡɯːms
喊 *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘 *krɯːm
瑊 *krɯːm, *kjum
黬 *krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm
減 *krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
羬 *ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram
麙 *ŋɡrɯːm
咸 *ɡrɯːm
鹹 *ɡrɯːm
醎 *ɡrɯːm
諴 *ɡrɯːm
椷 *ɡrɯːm
輱 *ɡrɯːm
鍼 *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm
箴 *kjɯm
葴 *kjɯm
鱵 *kjum

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kɯːmʔ) : phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology 1
trad. 感
simp. # 感
2nd round simp. 𫹯
alternative forms 𢦡

Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). Compare with Burmese ခံ (hkam, “to feel, to bear, to receive, to enjoy”).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 感
Mandarin Beijing /kan²¹⁴/
Harbin /kan²¹³/
Tianjin /kan¹³/
Jinan /kã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /kã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kan⁵³/
Xi'an /kã⁵³/
Xining /kã⁵³/
Yinchuan /kan⁵³/
Lanzhou /kɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /kan⁵¹/
Wuhan /kan⁴²/
Chengdu /kan⁵³/
Guiyang /kan⁴²/
Kunming /kã̠⁵³/
Nanjing /kaŋ²¹²/
Hefei /kæ̃²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /kæ̃⁵³/
Pingyao /kɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /kæ̃⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /kø³⁵/
Suzhou /kø⁵¹/
Hangzhou /kẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /ky³⁵/
Hui Shexian /kɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /kɛ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /kan⁴¹/
Xiangtan /kan⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /kɵn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kam³¹/
Taoyuan /kɑm³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐm³⁵/
Nanning /kam³⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐm³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kam⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kaŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kam⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kam²¹³/
Rime
Character 感
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 覃 (159)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古禫切
Baxter komX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʌmX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kəmX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɒmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəmX/
Li
Rong		 /kᴀmX/
Wang
Li		 /kɒmX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gam2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 感
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ komX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁ[ə]mʔ/
English move (emotionally) (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 感
Reading # 1/1
No. 13498
Phonetic
component		 咸
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 感
Old
Chinese		 /*kɯːmʔ/

Definitions

感

  1. to move (someone); to affect; to touch; to arouse
  2. response; influence
  3. to feel; to perceive
  4. feeling; thought; sensation; emotion
  5. to thank; to feel grateful
  6. to sigh with emotion; to be sentimental
  7. to miss; to long for
  8. (traditional Chinese medicine) to be affected by wind-cold

Usage notes

A popular stylistic choice in the written form of the character 感 (gǎn) involves putting the 心 (xīn) component inside of the 咸 (xián) component in the area directly below the 口 component.

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 感 – see 撼 (“to shake; to move”).
(This character, 感, is an obsolete form of 撼.)

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 感 – see 憾 (“regret; remorse”).
(This character, 感, is an obsolete form of 憾.)

Compounds
Derived terms from 感

Japanese

Kanji
感

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. feeling, sensation, emotion

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
感
かん
Grade: 3
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 感 (komX).

Pronunciation

Noun

感(かん) • (kan) 

  1. feeling; sense
    虚(きょ)無(む)感(かん)
    kyomukan
    feeling of emptiness
  2. (grammar) Clipping of 感動詞.

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

感 (eumhun 느낄 감 (neukkil gam))

  1. Hanja form? of 감 (“feeling”). [noun; suffix]

Compounds
Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

感: Hán Nôm readings: cảm, cám

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds
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