bán

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ban"

Hungarian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈbaːn]
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: bán
  • Rhymes: -aːn

Etymology 1

From a Turkic language. Doublet of bánik.

Verb

bán

  1. (transitive, chiefly in the negative) to mind, to object to, to be bothered by
    Nem bánod, ha kinyitom az ablakot? ― Do you mind if I open the window?
    Nem bánnám, ha néha segítenél kitakarítani. ― I wouldn’t mind if you helped me clean the house once in a while.
  2. (transitive) to regret
    Synonym: sajnál
Usage notes
  • This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation
conjugation of bán
1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. bánok bánsz bán bánunk bántok bánnak
Def. bánom bánod bánja bánjuk bánjátok bánják
2nd-p. o. bánlak ―
Past Indef. bántam bántál bánt bántunk bántatok bántak
Def. bántam bántad bánta bántuk bántátok bánták
2nd-p. o. bántalak ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. bánnék bánnál bánna bánnánk bánnátok bánnának
Def. bánnám bánnád bánná bánnánk
(or bánnók)		 bánnátok bánnák
2nd-p. o. bánnálak ―
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. bánjak bánj or
bánjál		 bánjon bánjunk bánjatok bánjanak
Def. bánjam bánd or
bánjad		 bánja bánjuk bánjátok bánják
2nd-p. o. bánjalak ―
Infinitive bánni bánnom bánnod bánnia bánnunk bánnotok bánniuk
Other nonfinite
verb forms		 Verbal noun Present participle Past participle Future part. Adverbial part. Potential
bánás bánó bánt bánandó bánva bánhat
Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

See also

Etymology 2

From Old Hungarian ban (1146), from a South Slavic language; compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Noun

bán (plural bánok)

  1. (historical) ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary, like a palatine or governor of a province)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative bán bánok
accusative bánt bánokat
dative bánnak bánoknak
instrumental bánnal bánokkal
causal-final bánért bánokért
translative bánná bánokká
terminative bánig bánokig
essive-formal bánként bánokként
essive-modal — —
inessive bánban bánokban
superessive bánon bánokon
adessive bánnál bánoknál
illative bánba bánokba
sublative bánra bánokra
allative bánhoz bánokhoz
elative bánból bánokból
delative bánról bánokról
ablative bántól bánoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular		 báné bánoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural		 bánéi bánokéi
Possessive forms of bán
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. bánom bánjaim
2nd person sing. bánod bánjaid
3rd person sing. bánja bánjai
1st person plural bánunk bánjaink
2nd person plural bánotok bánjaitok
3rd person plural bánjuk bánjaik
Derived terms

References

Further reading
  • (to mind, to regret): bán in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (ban [historical]): bán in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • bán in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish bán (“white”), from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

Adjective

bán (genitive singular masculine báin, genitive singular feminine báine, plural bána, comparative báine)

  1. white
  2. blank
  3. fair-haired
  4. (sexuality, LGBT) gay, homosexual
Declension
Declension of bán
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative bán bhán bána;
bhána²
Vocative bháin bána
Genitive báine bána bán
Dative bán;
bhán¹		 bhán;
bháin (archaic)		 bána;
bhána²
Comparative níos báine
Superlative is báine

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bána)

  1. white
Declension
Declension of bán

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative bán ba
Vocative a bháin a bhána
Genitive báin bán
Dative bán ba

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an bán na ba
Genitive an bháin na mbán
Dative leis an mbán

don bhán

 leis na ba
Derived terms

Verb

bán (present analytic bánann, future analytic bánfaidh, verbal noun bánadh, past participle bánta)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of bánaigh (“whiten; blanch; clear out, empty, depopulate”)
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present bánaim bánann tú;
bánair†		 bánann sé, sí bánaimid bánann sibh bánann siad;
bánaid†		 a bhánann; a bhánas /
a mbánann*; a mbánas*		 bántar
past bhán mé; bhánas bhán tú; bhánais bhán sé, sí bhánamar; bhán muid bhán sibh; bhánabhair bhán siad; bhánadar a bhán /
ar bhán*		 bánadh
past habitual bhánainn / mbánainn‡‡ bhántá / mbántᇇ bhánadh sé, sí / mbánadh sé, s퇇 bhánaimis; bhánadh muid / mbánaimis‡‡; mbánadh muid‡‡ bhánadh sibh / mbánadh sibh‡‡ bhánaidís; bhánadh siad / mbánaidís‡‡; mbánadh siad‡‡ a bhánadh /
a mbánadh*		 bhántaí / mbánta퇇
future bánfaidh mé;
bánfad		 bánfaidh tú;
bánfair†		 bánfaidh sé, sí bánfaimid;
bánfaidh muid		 bánfaidh sibh bánfaidh siad;
bánfaid†		 a bhánfaidh; a bhánfas /
a mbánfaidh*; a mbánfas*		 bánfar
conditional bhánfainn / mbánfainn‡‡ bhánfá / mbánfᇇ bhánfadh sé, sí / mbánfadh sé, s퇇 bhánfaimis; bhánfadh muid / mbánfaimis‡‡; mbánfadh muid‡‡ bhánfadh sibh / mbánfadh sibh‡‡ bhánfaidís; bhánfadh siad / mbánfaidís‡‡; mbánfadh siad‡‡ a bhánfadh /
a mbánfadh*		 bhánfaí / mbánfa퇇
subjunctive present go mbána mé;
go mbánad†		 go mbána tú;
go mbánair†		 go mbána sé, sí go mbánaimid;
go mbána muid		 go mbána sibh go mbána siad;
go mbánaid†		 — go mbántar
past dá mbánainn dá mbántá dá mbánadh sé, sí dá mbánaimis;
dá mbánadh muid		 dá mbánadh sibh dá mbánaidís;
dá mbánadh siad		 — dá mbántaí
imperative bánaim bán bánadh sé, sí bánaimis bánaigí;
bánaidh†		 bánaidís — bántar
verbal noun bánadh
past participle bánta

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Descendants
  • → Yola: baun

Etymology 2

From Old Irish bán (“untilled land, lea”), from the adjective bán (“white”).

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bánta)

  1. (geography) lea; grassland
  2. uncultivated land
Declension
Declension of bán

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative bán bánta
Vocative a bháin a bhánta
Genitive báin bánta
Dative bán bánta

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an bán na bánta
Genitive an bháin na mbánta
Dative leis an mbán

don bhán

 leis na bánta
Descendants

Noun

bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural báin)

  1. Alternative form of bábhún (“walled enclosure”)
Declension
Declension of bán

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative bán báin
Vocative a bháin a bhána
Genitive báin bán
Dative bán báin

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an bán na báin
Genitive an bháin na mbán
Dative leis an mbán

don bhán

 leis na báin
Descendants

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
bán bhán mbán
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbaːn/

Adjective

bán

  1. white
  2. pure

Inflection
o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative bán bán bán
Vocative báin*
bán**
Accusative bán báin
Genitive báin báine báin
Dative bán báin bán
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative báin bána
Vocative bánu
bána†
Accusative bánu
bána†
Genitive bán
Dative bánaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
bán bán
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/		 mbán
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 半 (“half”).

Prefix

bán

  1. half-, semi-, hemi-
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *paːɲʔ.

Verb

bán • (𧸝)

  1. to sell
Derived terms
Derived terms
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