| (classical) to say | thus; so; like that thus; so; like that; you; thou | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (云爾) | 云 | 爾 | |
| simp. (云尔) | 云 | 尔 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 云 | 爾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 王分切 | 兒氏切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦɨun/ | /ȵiᴇX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦiun/ | /ȵiɛX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣiuən/ | /ȵʑjɛX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦun/ | /ȵiə̆X/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣiuən/ | /ȵieX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣĭuən/ | /ȵʑǐeX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯uən/ | /ȵʑie̯X/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yún | ěr |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
wan4 | ji5 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 云 | 爾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yún | ěr |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hjun › | ‹ nyeX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɢ]ʷə[r]/ | /*n[ə][r]ʔ/ |
| English | say | (adv. suffix) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 云 | 爾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 16363 | 2817 |
| Phonetic component |
云 | 爾 |
| Rime group |
文 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
雲 | 爾 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɢun/ | /*njelʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文尒聲，甲金文象檷初文， 取林義光說 | |