偶

See also: 耦

偶	U+5076, 偶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5076

← 偵
[U+5075]

CJK Unified Ideographs

偷 →
[U+5077]

Translingual

Han character

偶 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人田中月 (OWLB), four-corner 2622₇, composition ⿰亻禺)

Derived characters

𠽀, 𢠉, 𣼱, 𦸲, 𢠙

References

KangXi: page 112, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 899
Dae Jaweon: page 238, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 190, character 3
Unihan data for U+5076

Chinese

trad.		偶
simp. ^#		偶
alternative forms		禺耦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 偶

**Small seal script**
s05899

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (禺) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
齵	ŋoː, ŋo
偶	ŋoːʔ, ŋoːs
耦	*ŋoːʔ
藕	*ŋoːʔ
髃	ŋoːʔ, ŋo
蕅	*ŋoːʔ
愚	*ŋo
隅	*ŋo
禺	ŋo, ŋos
湡	*ŋo
堣	*ŋo
嵎	*ŋo
鰅	ŋo, ŋoŋ
鍝	*ŋo
遇	*ŋos
寓	*ŋos
庽	*ŋos
媀	*ŋos
喁	*ŋoŋ
顒	*ŋoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋoːʔ, *ŋoːs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 禺 (OC *ŋo, *ŋos) – a statue of a person, an idol.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): ǒu (ou³)

(Zhuyin): ㄡˇ

(Chengdu, SP): ngou³
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiéu
Min Dong (BUC): ngēu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gió / ngó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngou²
Wu (Wiktionary): ³ngeu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ǒu
  - Wade–Giles: ou³
  - Yale: ǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: oou
  - Palladius: оу (ou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ngou³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋəu⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngau⁵
  - Yale: ngáuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngeo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐu̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiéu
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngieu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngieu³
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯eu̯³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngēu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɛu³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gió
  - Tâi-lô: gió
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gioir
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡio⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘
  - Tâi-lô: ngóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngor
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ŋɔ̃⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋɔ̃⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngóu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋou⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³ngeu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɜ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋəuX/

Rime
Character	偶
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五口切
Baxter	nguwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋəu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋəu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋəw^X/
Li Rong	/ŋu^X/
Wang Li	/ŋəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngau⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤ(r)oʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋoːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	偶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ nguw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋˁ(r)oʔ/
English	pair, double
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偶
Reading #	1/2
No.	15913
Phonetic component	禺
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	藕
Old Chinese	/*ŋoːʔ/

Definitions

偶

idol
偶像 ― ǒuxiàng ― idol

穿8號球衣的那個運動員是我的偶像！ [MSC, trad.]
穿8号球衣的那个运动员是我的偶像！ [MSC, simp.]
Chuān bā hào qiúyī de nà ge yùndòngyuán shì wǒ de ǒuxiàng! [Pinyin]
The athlete wearing no. 8 is my idol!
couple; pair
even (number)
偶數／偶数 ― ǒushù ― even number
(slang, cute-sounding) Alternative form of 我 (wǒ, “I”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ǒu (ou³)

(Zhuyin): ㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ǒu
  - Wade–Giles: ou³
  - Yale: ǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: oou
  - Palladius: оу (ou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngau⁵
  - Yale: ngáuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngeo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐu̯¹³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋəuH/

Rime
Character	偶
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五遘切
Baxter	nguwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋəu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋəu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋəw^H/
Li Rong	/ŋu^H/
Wang Li	/ŋəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	òu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngau⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋoːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偶
Reading #	2/2
No.	15918
Phonetic component	禺
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	偶
Old Chinese	/*ŋoːs/

Definitions

偶

accidentally, coincidentally, by accident, by chance, occasionally
偶爾／偶尔 ― ǒu'ěr ― occasionally

偶然 ― ǒurán ― occasionally, accidentally

Compounds

不偶
不偶世
仇偶
佳偶 (jiā'ǒu)
佳偶天成
偶人 (ǒurén)
偶作
偶像 (ǒuxiàng)
偶合 (ǒuhé)
偶影
偶得
偶性
偶感
偶成
偶或
偶拾
偶方
偶族
偶然 (ǒurán)
偶然性 (ǒuránxìng)
偶而 (ǒu'ér)
偶蹄目
力偶 (lì'ǒu)
匹偶 (pǐ'ǒu)

嘉偶天成
土偶
土偶桃梗
土木偶人
大玩偶
奇偶
奇偶性 (jī'ǒuxìng)
布偶
怨偶
排偶
提偶
木偶 (mù'ǒu)
木偶人
木偶影片
未偶
求偶 (qiú'ǒu)
流落不偶
玩偶 (wán'ǒu)
百年佳偶
相人偶
配偶 (pèi'ǒu)
配偶家族
陶偶
偶一為之／偶一为之

偶函數／偶函数 (ǒuhánshù)
偶句對／偶句对
偶戲／偶戏
偶戲人／偶戏人
偶數／偶数 (ǒushù)
偶書／偶书
偶然論／偶然论
偶爾／偶尔 (ǒu'ěr)
偶發／偶发 (ǒufā)
偶視／偶视
偶語／偶语
偶鰭／偶鳍
分隸偶存／分隶偶存
喪偶／丧偶 (sàng'ǒu)
對偶／对偶 (duì'ǒu)
提線木偶／提线木偶 (tíxiàn mù'ǒu)
擇偶／择偶 (zé'ǒu)
木偶戲／木偶戏 (mù'ǒuxì)
杖頭木偶／杖头木偶
無獨有偶／无独有偶 (wúdú-yǒu'ǒu)
熱電偶／热电偶
鐵線木偶／铁线木偶
鬱堙不偶／郁堙不偶
齊大非偶／齐大非偶 (qídàfēi'ǒu)

Japanese

Kanji

偶

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: ごう (gō)
Kan’yō-on: ぐう (gū, Jōyō)
Kun: たぐい (tagui, 偶); たまたま (tamatama, 偶)

Compounds

偶然
配偶者(はいぐうしゃ) (haigūsha, “spouse”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
偶
たま Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

適

Adjective

偶(たま) • (tama) -na (adnominal 偶(たま)な (tama na), adverbial 偶(たま)に (tama ni))

occasional

Inflection

Inflection of 偶

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	偶だろ	たまだろ	tama daro
Continuative (連用形)	偶で	たまで	tama de
Terminal (終止形)	偶だ	たまだ	tama da
Attributive (連体形)	偶な	たまな	tama na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	偶なら	たまなら	tama nara
Imperative (命令形)	偶であれ	たまであれ	tama de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	偶ではない偶じゃない	たまではないたまじゃない	tama de wa nai tama ja nai
Informal past	偶だった	たまだった	tama datta
Informal negative past	偶ではなかった偶じゃなかった	たまではなかったたまじゃなかった	tama de wa nakatta tama ja nakatta
Formal	偶です	たまです	tama desu
Formal negative	偶ではありません偶じゃありません	たまではありませんたまじゃありません	tama de wa arimasen tama ja arimasen
Formal past	偶でした	たまでした	tama deshita
Formal negative past	偶ではありませんでした偶じゃありませんでした	たまではありませんでしたたまじゃありませんでした	tama de wa arimasen deshita tama ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	偶で	たまで	tama de
Conditional	偶なら（ば）	たまなら（ば）	tama nara (ba)
Provisional	偶だったら	たまだったら	tama dattara
Volitional	偶だろう	たまだろう	tama darō
Adverbial	偶に	たまに	tama ni
Degree	偶さ	たまさ	tamasa

Noun

偶(たま) • (tama)

rarity

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
偶
たまたま Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 偶 – see the following entry.

【たまたま】

[adverb] unexpectedly, by chance; luckily

Alternative spellings
偶, 偶々, 偶偶, 適, 適ま

(This term, 偶, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
偶
ぐう Grade: S
on’yomi

Derived from Middle Chinese 偶 (MC ŋəuX, ŋəuH).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɡɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

偶(ぐう) • (gū)

(mathematics) even
(Can we add an example for this sense?)

Coordinate terms

奇(き) (ki)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 偶 (MC ŋəuX, “idol; pair”).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅌᅮᇢ〯 (Yale: ngwǔw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 우 (wu)^訓 (Yale: wu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [u(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [우(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 偶 (eumhun 짝 우 (jjak u))

Hanja form^? of 우 (“idol; pair”).
Hanja form^? of 우 (“even (number)”).

Compounds

우상 (偶像, usang)
대우 (對偶, dae'u)
우수 (偶數, usu)
우대 (偶對, udae)
토우 (土偶, tou)
택우 (擇偶, taegu)
목우 (木偶, mogu)
양우 (良偶, yang'u)
우인 (偶人, u'in)
우열 (偶列, uyeol)
우일 (偶日, u'il)
배우자 (配偶者, bae'uja)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 偶 (MC ŋəuH, “by chance”).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅌᅮᇢ〮 (Yale: ngwúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

(in 우연 (偶然, uyeon, “coincidence”)):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [u]
- Phonetic hangul: [우]
(by chance; accidentally; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [u(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [우(ː)]
  - Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

偶 (eumhun 마침 우 (machim u))

Hanja form^? of 우 (“by chance; accidentally; coincidentally”).

Compounds

우연 (偶然, uyeon)
우발 (偶發, ubal)
우이 (偶爾, u'i)
우성 (偶性, useong)
우감 (偶感, ugam)
우합 (偶合, uhap)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

偶: Hán Nôm readings: ngẫu, ngẩu, ngậu

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