| to be of one mind; to be with one heart; to be concentric | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (同心同德) |
同心 | 同德 | |
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 同 | 心 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 心 (16) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 侵 (139) | 登 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III | I |
| Fanqie | 徒紅切 | 息林切 | 多則切 |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/duŋ/ | /siɪm/ | /tək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/duŋ/ | /sim/ | /tək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/duŋ/ | /sjem/ | /tək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/dəwŋ/ | /sim/ | /tək̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/duŋ/ | /siəm/ | /tək̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/duŋ/ | /sĭĕm/ | /tək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/dʱuŋ/ | /si̯əm/ | /tək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
tóng | xīn | de |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
tung4 | sam1 | dak1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 同 | 心 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
tóng | xīn | dé |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ duwng › | ‹ sim › | ‹ tok › |
| Old Chinese |
/*lˁoŋ/ | /*səm/ | /*tˁək/ |
| English | together, join | heart | virtue |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 同 | 心 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12446 | 13801 | 17266 |
| Phonetic component |
同 | 心 | 直 |
| Rime group |
東 | 侵 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
同 | 心 | 德 |
| Old Chinese |
/*doːŋ/ | /*slɯm/ | /*tɯːɡ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象有節筒管與口協合， 如此方能音律諧和， 爲筒（簫）初文 |
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