吐

吐 U+5410, 吐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5410
← 吏
[U+540F]
CJK Unified Ideographs 向 →
[U+5411]

Translingual

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

吐 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口土 (RG), four-corner 64010, composition ⿰口土)

References

  • KangXi: page 176, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3300
  • Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5410

Chinese

simp. and trad.
吐

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twa (“to spit”).

Pronunciation 1


Note: tou2 - rare.

Rime
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他魯切
Baxter thuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰuoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰuoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰoX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰɔX/
Li
Rong
/tʰoX/
Wang
Li
/tʰuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
tou2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tǔ
Middle
Chinese
‹ thuX ›
Old
Chinese
/*tʰˁaʔ/
English eject from mouth, spit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吐
Reading # 1/2
No. 12500
Phonetic
component
土
Rime
group
魚
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
土
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ʰaːʔ/
Definitions

吐

  1. to spit; to spew from the mouth
  2. to say; to tell; to pour out
  3. a surname
Synonyms
Compounds

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 湯故切
Baxter thuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰuoH/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰuoH/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰoH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰɔH/
Li
Rong
/tʰoH/
Wang
Li
/tʰuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰuoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
tou3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tù
Middle
Chinese
‹ thuH ›
Old
Chinese
/*tʰˁaʔ-s/
English vomit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吐
Reading # 2/2
No. 12502
Phonetic
component
土
Rime
group
魚
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
菟
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ʰaːs/
Definitions

吐

  1. to vomit; to throw up
Synonyms
Compounds

Pronunciation


Definitions

吐

  1. Only used in 吐谷渾/吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 吐 – see 捅 (“(Min Nan) over; to reveal; to peck”).
(This character, 吐, is a variant form of 捅.)

References

Japanese

Kanji

吐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. vomit, belch, spit (out)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 吐 (MC tʰuoX); compare Mandarin 吐 (tǔ):

  • Go-on: つ (tsu); と (to, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 吐 (MC tʰuoH); compare Mandarin 吐 (tù):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

吐 (eum 토 (to))

  1. Kwukyel form of 토 (to)

Vietnamese

Han character

吐: Hán Nôm readings: thổ, nhổ, giổ, giỗ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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