唾

唾 U+553E, 唾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-553E
← 唽
[U+553D]
CJK Unified Ideographs 唿 →
[U+553F]

Translingual

Han character

唾 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口竹十一 (RHJM), four-corner 62014, composition ⿰口垂)

References

  • KangXi: page 194, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3785
  • Dae Jaweon: page 414, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 641, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+553E

Chinese

trad. 唾
simp. # 唾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 唾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰoːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol).

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan; compare Tibetan ཐོ་ལེ (tho le, “spit”), Burmese တွေး (twe:, “spittle”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 唾
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 湯卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰwaH/
Li
Rong
/tʰuɑH/
Wang
Li
/tʰuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
to3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 唾
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tuò
Middle
Chinese
‹ thwaH ›
Old
Chinese
/*tʰˁoj-s/
English to spit (Sagart & Ma, 2020)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 唾
Reading # 1/1
No. 1661
Phonetic
component
垂
Rime
group
歌
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
唾
Old
Chinese
/*tʰoːls/

Definitions

唾

  1. saliva
    唾腺  ―  tuòxiàn  ―  salivary gland
  2. to spit
  3. to spit at; to spit with contempt
  4. to vomit

Synonyms

Compounds

Japanese

See also 唾する

Kanji

唾

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
唾
つばき
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete verb 唾吐く (tsubaku, “to spit, to expectorate”), itself from 唾 (tsu, “saliva”) + 吐く (haku, “to expel from the mouth: to spit, to vomit, to exhale”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) つばき​ [tsùbákíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝba̠kʲi]

Noun

唾(つばき) • (tsubaki) 

  1. spit, saliva

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
唾
つば
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Appears to be a shortening of tsubaki above. Alternatively, may be a fusion of tsu below with particle は (wa, originally pa in Old Japanese, combining in some cases as ba).[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

唾(つば) • (tsuba) 

  1. spit, saliva

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
唾
つ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Appears to be the oldest form.[2] Possibly onomatopoeia.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

唾(つ) • (tsu) 

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) spit, saliva

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

唾 (eumhun 침 타 (chim ta))

  1. Hanja form? of 타 (“saliva”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

唾: Hán Nôm readings: thóa/thoá

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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