坐

See also: 座
坐 U+5750, 坐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5750
← 坏
[U+574F]
CJK Unified Ideographs 坑 →
[U+5751]

Translingual

Stroke order
0 strokes

Han character

坐 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人人土 (OOG), four-corner 88104, composition ⿻土从 or ⿱𠦏一)

Derived characters

Further reading

  • KangXi: page 225, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4931
  • Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 423, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5750

Chinese

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 留 (“to stay”) + 土 (“ground”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
坐
alternative forms
 
𡋲
𡊎
㘴
㘸
𠱯
𡋲
𡊎
㘴
㘸
𠱯
𡉡
𰉗
𭍻

Cognate with Japhug amdzɯ (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • co5 - vernacular;
  • zo6 - literary.
Note:
  • chē/chěr/chě/chēr, chǒ - vernacular;
  • chō/chǒ͘ - literary.
Note: zo6 - Chaozhou, Shantou.
Note:
  • zo5 - vernacular;
  • zo4 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 坐
Mandarin Beijing /t͡suo⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡suo⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡suo⁵³/
Jinan /t͡suə²¹/
Qingdao /t͡suə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡suo³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡suo⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡su²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡suə¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡suə¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡suɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡suo³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡so¹³/
Guiyang /t͡so²¹³/
Kunming /t͡so²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡so⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʊ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕye̞³⁵/
/t͡suə³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡suɤ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zu²³/
Suzhou /zəu³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡zo¹³/
Wenzhou /zo³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰo³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡sʰo²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡so⁵⁵/
/t͡so¹¹/
Xiangtan /d͡zo²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰo²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰo⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰo²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔ²²/
/t͡sʰɔ²³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔ²²/
/t͡sʰɔ¹³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡so²²/
/t͡se²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sɔy²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡so⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡so³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡se³³/

Rime
Character 坐
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徂果切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡zuɑX/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡zuɑX/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡zuɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡zwaX/
Li
Rong
/d͡zuɑX/
Wang
Li
/d͡zuɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/d͡zʱuɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zo6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 坐 坐
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zuò zuò
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzwaX › ‹ dzwaX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ/ /*m-[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ/
English sit to set

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 坐
Reading # 1/2
No. 18064
Phonetic
component
坐
Rime
group
歌
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
坐
Old
Chinese
/*zoːlʔ/

Definitions

坐

  1. to sit; to take a seat
    坐下  ―  zuòxià  ―  to sit down
    請坐!/请坐! [Hokkien]  ―  Chhiáⁿ chē! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Please take a seat!
  2. to go by; to travel by; to ride
    坐公交車不小心坐過頭 [MSC, trad.]
    坐公交车不小心坐过头 [MSC, simp.]
    zuò gōngjiāochē bù xiǎoxīn zuò guòtóu [Pinyin]
    to miss one's stop on the bus
    我坐飛機去上海。/我坐飞机去上海。  ―  Wǒ zuò fēijī qù Shànghǎi.  ―  I go to Shanghai by plane.
    她開車去,不坐火車去。 [MSC, trad.]
    她开车去,不坐火车去。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā kāichē qù, bù zuò huǒchē qù. [Pinyin]
    She does not go by train, she drives.
  3. to bear fruit
  4. (literary) because of; on the ground of
  5. to be in charge of; to manage
  6. to uphold; to fight until the end without giving up
    坐鎮/坐镇  ―  zuòzhèn  ―  to assume personal command
  7. † to be convicted (of a crime)
See also
  • 上 (shàng, “to board”)
Descendants
  • → Ai-Cham: zai⁶

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
坐

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 坐
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徂卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡zuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡zuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡zuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡zwaH/
Li
Rong
/d͡zuɑH/
Wang
Li
/d͡zuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/d͡zʱuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zo6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 坐
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zuò
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzwaH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ-s/
English seat n.

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 坐
Reading # 2/2
No. 18065
Phonetic
component
坐
Rime
group
歌
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*zoːls/

Definitions

坐

  1. Alternative form of 座 (zuò, “seat”).
Usage notes
  • This form was also proposed in the second round of simplification.

References

Japanese

Kanji

坐

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. to sit
  2. to assume (a position)
  3. to hold still

Readings

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 坐 is mostly replaced by 座, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Japanese terms with 坐 replaced by daiyōji 座

Compounds

References

Korean

Hanja

坐 (eumhun 앉을 좌 (anjeul jwa))

  1. Hanja form? of 좌 (“to sit”).

Vietnamese

Han character

坐: Hán Việt readings: tọa/toạ
坐: Nôm readings: ngồi, tòa/toà, tọa/toạ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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