| beginning; first | emperor | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (始皇) | 始 | 皇 | |
| simp. #(始皇) | 始 | 皇 | |
| Literally: “first emperor”. | |||
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 始 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 唐 (102) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 詩止切 | 胡光切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɕɨX/ | /ɦwɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɕɨX/ | /ɦʷɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɕieX/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɕɨX/ | /ɦwaŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɕiəX/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɕĭəX/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɕiX/ | /ɣwɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shǐ | huáng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
si2 | wong4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 始 | 皇 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shǐ | huáng | huáng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ syiX › | ‹ hwang › | ‹ hwang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*l̥əʔ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ |
| English | begin | yellow and white spotted | sovereign |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 始 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12291 | 12696 |
| Phonetic component |
台 | 王 |
| Rime group |
之 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
始 | 黃 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hljɯʔ/ | /*ɡʷaːŋ/ |
| Notes | 禮王制鄭注冕屬， 金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文 | |
