崖

See also: 岸
崖 U+5D16, 崖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5D16
← 崕
[U+5D15] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 崗 →
[U+5D17]

Translingual

Han character

崖 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 山一土土 (UMGG), four-corner 22214, composition ⿱山厓)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 314, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8180
  • Dae Jaweon: page 614, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 778, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5D16

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 崖
alternative forms 崕
厓

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 崖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (圭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
街 *kreː, *kreː
鞋 *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː
娾 *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ
佳 *kreː
鮭 *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
涯 *ŋreː, *ŋre
崖 *ŋreː, *ŋre
啀 *ŋreː
厓 *ŋreː
捱 *ŋreː
睚 *ŋreːs
娃 *qreː
洼 *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː
哇 *qreː, *qʷraː
胿 *ɡeː, *kʷeː
溎 *qeːns
觟 *ɡʷraːʔ
黊 *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː
蘳 *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe
蛙 *qʷraː, *qʷreː
窪 *qʷraː
卦 *kʷreːs
挂 *kʷreːs
掛 *kʷreːs
詿 *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs
罣 *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs
絓 *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs
鼃 *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː
圭 *kʷeː
珪 *kʷeː
邽 *kʷeː
閨 *kʷeː
袿 *kʷeː
窐 *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː
茥 *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
桂 *kʷeːs
筀 *kʷeːs
奎 *kʰʷeː
刲 *kʰʷeː
蝰 *kʰʷeː
楏 *kʰʷeː
睳 *qʰʷeː
畦 *ɡʷeː
眭 *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi
烓 *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ
跬 *kʰʷeʔ
恚 *qʷes
硅 *qʰʷreɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋreː, *ŋre) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 厓 (OC *ŋreː, “cliff”).

Alternatively analyzed as Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋreː, *ŋre) : semantic 屵 (“cliff”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).

Etymology

Same word as 睚 (yá, “rim of the eye”) and 涯 (yá, “shore, bank”) (Schuessler, 2007). See the latter for etymology.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 崖
Mandarin Beijing /ia³⁵/
Harbin /ai²⁴/
/ia²⁴/
Tianjin /iɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /iɛ⁴²/
Qingdao /iɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ia⁴²/
Xi'an /nai²⁴/
Xining /nɛ²⁴/
Yinchuan /ia⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɛ⁵³/
Ürümqi /ia⁵¹/
Wuhan /ŋai²¹³/
Chengdu /ŋai³¹/
Guiyang /ŋai²¹/
Kunming /æ³¹/
Nanjing /iɑ²⁴/
Hefei /ia⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ia¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵiɑ¹³/
Hohhot /nɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦia²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɑ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦie̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋa³¹/
Hui Shexian /ia⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ŋɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ŋai¹³/
Xiangtan /ŋai¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /ŋai¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋai²¹/
Nanning /ŋai²¹/
Hong Kong /ŋai²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /gai³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋai⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋa³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋãi⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zai³¹/
/ŋai³¹/
Rime
Character 崖 崖
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 支 (13) 佳 (31)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III II
Fanqie 魚羈切 五佳切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠiᴇ/ /ŋˠɛ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚiɛ/ /ŋᵚæ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiɛ/ /ŋæi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋjiə̆/ /ŋaɨj/
Li
Rong		 /ŋje/ /ŋɛ/
Wang
Li		 /ŋǐe/ /ŋai/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋie̯/ /ŋai/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yí yá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ji4 ngaai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 崖
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yá
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngɛ ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋˁrar/
English river bank; limit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 崖 崖
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4536 4547
Phonetic
component		 圭 圭
Rime
group		 支 支
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 崖 宜
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋreː/ /*ŋre/

Definitions

崖

  1. (literary, or in compounds) cliff; precipice
  2. (literary, or in compounds) limit; boundary; margin
  3. (Can we verify(+) this sense?) precipitous

Synonyms
  • (limit):
Synonyms of 崖

Compounds
Derived terms from 崖

Japanese

Kanji
崖

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Alternative forms

Readings
  • Go-on: げ (ge, 崖)
  • Kan-on: がい (gai, 崖)
  • Kun: がけ (gake, 崖, Jōyō); はて (hate, 崖); まま (mama, 崖)
  • Nanori: [[#Japanese|]] ([[#Japanese|]])

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
崖
がい
Grade: S
kan’on

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ɡa̠i]

Noun

崖(がい) • (gai) 

  1. sheer cliff

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
崖
がけ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
厓

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) がけ [gàké] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA(key): [ɡa̠ke̞]

Noun

崖(がけ) • (gake) 

  1. steep bank, cliff
    Synonym: 切岸 (kirigishi)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
崖
まま
Grade: S
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ma̠ma̠]

Noun

崖(まま) • (mama) 

  1. steep slope or incline; collapsed part of a levee or embankment

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
崖
きし
Grade: S
nanori

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kʲiɕi]

Proper noun

崖(きし) • (Kishi) 

  1. a surname

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 崖 (MC ŋˠɛ). Recorded as Middle Korean 애 (ay) (Yale: ay) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 崖 (eumhun 벼랑 애 (byeorang ae))

  1. Hanja form? of 애 (“cliff; precipice; precipitous”).

Compounds
Compounds
  • 단애 (斷崖, danae)
  • 마애불 (磨崖佛, maaebul)

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

崖: Hán Nôm readings: nhai, day

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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