憲

See also: 宪

憲	U+61B2, 憲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61B2

← 憱
[U+61B1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

憳 →
[U+61B3]

憲	U+2F8AC, 憲 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8AC

← 憎
[U+2F8AB]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

憤 →
[U+2F8AD]

Translingual

Han character

憲 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十手一心 (JQMP), four-corner 3033₆, composition ⿱𡩜心)

Derived characters

幰㦥攇櫶瀗䘆䜢䧮藼𢖘𪺅𪼭𨏥(𨐊) 𨯶𩍹𧾨𤼂𡾢𮨥

References

KangXi: page 404, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11269
Dae Jaweon: page 744, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2351, character 9
Unihan data for U+61B2
Unihan data for U+2F8AC

Chinese

trad.		憲
simp.		宪
alternative forms		𢞩

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
轄	kʰaːds, ɡraːd
害	*ɡaːds
犗	*kraːds
幰	*qʰanʔ
攇	*qʰanʔ
憲	*hŋans
瀗	*qʰans
割	*kaːd
磍	kreːd, kʰraːd
瞎	*qʰraːd
鎋	*ɡraːd
鶷	*ɡraːd
縖	*ɡraːd
豁	*qʰʷaːd

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hin³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hién / hián

(Meixian, Guangdong): hian³
Min Bei (KCR): hṳ̿ing
Min Dong (BUC): hièng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hiàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiang³
Wu (Wiktionary): ²xi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
  - Yale: syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hin³
  - Yale: hin
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hin³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːn³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hién
  - Hakka Romanization System: hien`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian³
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯en³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hián
  - Hakka Romanization System: hian`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian³
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯an³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hian³
  - Sinological IPA: /çian³¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̿ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xyiŋ³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn
  - Tâi-lô: hiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiexn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ²xi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 憲
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiã²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕian¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ɕien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ɕiɪ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiẽ̞⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕi⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hian³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hien³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hin³³/
	Nanning	/hin³³/
	Hong Kong	/hin³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hian²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hyɔŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xuiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hiaŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hin³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /hɨɐn^H/

Rime
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許建切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨan^H/
Li Rong	/xiɐn^H/
Wang Li	/xĭɐn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɨ̯ɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hin³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰar/

(Zhengzhang): /*hŋans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjon^H ›
Old Chinese	/qʰar/ (~ qʰar-s)
English	law; model; rule
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
No.	4849
Phonetic component	害
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	獻
Old Chinese	/*hŋans/

Definitions

憲

(literary) law; statute
Short for 憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ, “constitution”).
(archaic) example; model
(archaic) to promulgate; to publish
(archaic) to follow an example; to emulate

Compounds

三權憲法／三权宪法
五五憲草／五五宪草
五權憲法／五权宪法
修憲／修宪 (xiūxiàn)
刊憲／刊宪 (kānxiàn)
刑憲／刑宪
制憲／制宪
制憲權／制宪权
剛性憲法／刚性宪法
原憲貧／原宪贫
合憲／合宪 (héxiàn)
君主立憲／君主立宪
國憲／国宪
大憲章／大宪章 (Dà Xiànzhāng)
天憲／天宪
威瑪憲法／威玛宪法
官憲／官宪
布憲／布宪
彝憲／彝宪 (yíxiàn)

恪守成憲／恪守成宪
憲令／宪令
憲兵／宪兵 (xiànbīng)
憲兵隊／宪兵队 (xiànbīngduì)
憲典／宪典
憲則／宪则
憲司／宪司
憲報／宪报 (Xiànbào)
憲憲／宪宪
憲政／宪政 (xiànzhèng)
憲政時期／宪政时期
憲書／宪书
憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ)
憲牌／宪牌
憲章／宪章 (xiànzhāng)
憲節／宪节
憲綱／宪纲
憲網／宪网
憲罰／宪罚

憲臺／宪台
成文憲法／成文宪法
時憲書／时宪书 (shíxiànshū)
朝憲／朝宪
柔性憲法／柔性宪法
洪憲／洪宪 (Hóngxiàn)
洪憲帝制／洪宪帝制
火憲／火宪
禮憲／礼宪
程序修憲／程序修宪
立憲／立宪 (lìxiàn)
立憲政體／立宪政体
立憲運動／立宪运动
聯邦憲法／联邦宪法
行憲／行宪
違憲／违宪 (wéixiàn)
釋憲／释宪 (shìxiàn)
風憲／风宪
體憲／体宪

References

(Min Nan) “Entry #11672”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Shinjitai	憲
Kyūjitai [1]	憲 `憲` or 憲+`︀`^?
	憲󠄁 憲+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	憲󠄆 憲+`󠄆`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
	憲󠄂 憲+`󠄂`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	憲󠄅 憲+`󠄅`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

憲

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 憲)

constitution; basic law

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
Kun: おきて (okite, 憲); のり (nori, 憲)
Nanori: あきら (akira); かず (kazu); さだ (sada); ただし (tadashi); ただす (tadasu); とし (toshi); のり (nori)

Compounds

違(い)憲(けん) (iken)
改(かい)憲(けん) (kaiken)
家(か)憲(けん) (kaken)
官(かん)憲(けん) (kanken)
憲(けん)法(ぽう) (kenpō)
憲(けん)兵(ぺい) (kenpei)
国(こっ)憲(けん) (kokken)
合(ごう)憲(けん) (gōken)
護(ご)憲(けん) (goken)
朝(ちょう)憲(けん) (chōken)
立(りっ)憲(けん) (rikken)

References

1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 901 (paper), page 500 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

Korean

Hanja

憲 (eumhun 법 헌 (beop heon))

Hanja form^? of 법 (“law”).

Vietnamese

Han character

憲: Hán Nôm readings: hiến

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[1] 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 901 (paper), page 500 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)