放棄

See also: 放弃

Chinese
 
to release; to free; to let go
to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out
 
abandon; relinquish; to discard
abandon; relinquish; to discard; to throw away
trad. (放棄) 放 棄
simp. (放弃) 放 弃

Pronunciation

Verb

放棄

  1. to give up; to renounce; to abandon
    放棄搶救／放弃抢救  ―  fàngqì qiǎngjiù  ―  to give up resuscitation
    放棄治療／放弃治疗  ―  fàngqì zhìliáo  ―  to give up treatment
    食咗兩啖就放棄 [Cantonese, trad.]
    食咗两啖就放弃 [Cantonese, simp.]
    sik6 zo2 loeng5 daam6 zau6 fong3 hei3 [Jyutping]
    ate two bites before giving up
    唔使放棄住／唔使放弃住 [Cantonese]  ―  m4 sai2 fong3 hei3 zyu6 [Jyutping]  ―  you don't need to give up yet

Synonyms
Synonyms of 放棄

Antonyms

Japanese
Kanji in this term
放 棄
ほう
Grade: 3		 き
Grade: S
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
抛棄

Etymology

From earlier 抛棄 (hōki). 放 (hō, “to release, to set free”) is a daiyōji replacing 抛 (hō, “to throw, to hurl”).

Pronunciation

Noun

放(ほう)棄(き) • (hōki) ←はうき (fauki)?

  1. abandonment, giving up
  2. abandonment, renunciation

Antonyms

Verb

放(ほう)棄(き)する • (hōki suru) ←はうき (fauki)?suru (stem 放(ほう)棄(き)し (hōki shi), past 放(ほう)棄(き)した (hōki shita))

  1. to abandon, to give up
    核(かく)施(し)設(せつ)を放(ほう)棄(き)する
    kaku shisetsu o hōki suru
    to abandon a nuclear plant
  2. to abandon, to renounce, to relinquish
    自治(じち)を放(ほう)棄(き)する
    jichi o hōki suru
    to renounce autonomy

Conjugation
Conjugation of "放棄する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 放棄し ほうきし hōki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 放棄し ほうきし hōki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 放棄する ほうきする hōki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 放棄する ほうきする hōki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 放棄すれ ほうきすれ hōki sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 放棄せよ¹
放棄しろ²		 ほうきせよ¹
ほうきしろ²		 hōki seyo¹
hōki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 放棄される ほうきされる hōki sareru
Causative 放棄させる
放棄さす		 ほうきさせる
ほうきさす		 hōki saseru
hōki sasu
Potential 放棄できる ほうきできる hōki dekiru
Volitional 放棄しよう ほうきしよう hōki shiyō
Negative 放棄しない ほうきしない hōki shinai
Negative continuative 放棄せず ほうきせず hōki sezu
Formal 放棄します ほうきします hōki shimasu
Perfective 放棄した ほうきした hōki shita
Conjunctive 放棄して ほうきして hōki shite
Hypothetical conditional 放棄すれば ほうきすれば hōki sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

Derived terms
  • 育(いく)児(じ)放(ほう)棄(き) (ikujihōki)
  • 権(けん)利(り)放(ほう)棄(き) (kenrihōki)
  • 耕(こう)作(さく)放(ほう)棄(き) (kōsakuhōki)
  • 債(さい)権(けん)放(ほう)棄(き) (saikenhōki)
  • 戦(せん)争(そう)放(ほう)棄(き) (sensōhōki)
  • 相(そう)続(ぞく)放(ほう)棄(き) (sōzokuhōki)
  • 養(よう)育(いく)放(ほう)棄(き) (yōikuhōki)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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