犧牲

See also: 牺牲

Chinese

		sacrifice	domestic animal
trad. (犧牲)		犧	牲
simp. (牺牲)		牺	牲

Etymology

"sacrifice (animal)" (pre-Qin) -> "to immolate" (c. 1840) -> "to sacrifice" (c. 1900).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xīshēng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄕㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hei¹ sang¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hî-sên
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hi-sng / hi-seng

(Teochew, Peng'im): hi¹ sêng¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīshēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄕㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sisheng
  - Wade–Giles: hsi¹-shêng¹
  - Yale: syī-shēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shisheng
  - Palladius: сишэн (sišɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    吸聲／吸声
    犧牲／牺牲
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hei¹ sang¹
  - Yale: hēi sāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hei¹ sang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: héi¹ seng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei̯⁵⁵ sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hî-sên
  - Hakka Romanization System: hi´ sen´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hi¹ sen¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hi²⁴⁻¹¹ sen²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hi-sng
  - Tâi-lô: hi-sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hisngf
  - IPA (Singapore): /hi⁴⁴⁻²² sŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hi³³ sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hi-seng
  - Tâi-lô: hi-sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hisefng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hi⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /hi⁴⁴⁻²² seŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hi⁴⁴⁻²² ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hi¹ sêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hi seng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hi³³⁻²³ seŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /hˠiᴇ ʃˠæŋ/

Rime
Character	犧	牲
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	支 (13)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	許羈切	所庚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠiᴇ/	/ʃˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚiɛ/	/ʃᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɛ/	/ʃaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hjiə̆/	/ʂaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/xje/	/ʃɐŋ/
Wang Li	/xǐe/	/ʃɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xie̯/	/ʂɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī	shēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei¹	sang¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*hŋral sreŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ xje ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊(r)a[j]/
English	sacrificial animal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犧	牲
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13057	11313
Phonetic component	我	生
Rime group	歌	耕
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	犧	生
Old Chinese	/*hŋral/	/*sreŋ/

Noun

犧牲

sacrifice (animal presented to a deity, deceased ancestor, etc.)
- 犧牲玉帛，弗敢加也，必以信。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  牺牲玉帛，弗敢加也，必以信。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Xīshēng yùbó, fú gǎn jiā yě, bì yǐ xìn. [Pinyin]
  I dare not exaggerate the amount of sacrifices, jade, and silk offered to the gods; I always tell the gods the truth.

Verb

犧牲

to give one's life for a certain cause; to sacrifice oneself
壯烈犧牲／壮烈牺牲 ― zhuàngliè xīshēng ― to die a hero's death
(figuratively) to sacrifice (give away something valuable); to give up; to abandon; to discard
- 「有些人」根本沒救，廢死徒犧牲了正義 [MSC, trad.]
  “有些人”根本没救，废死徒牺牲了正义 [MSC, simp.]
  “yǒuxiē rén” gēnběn méi jiù, fèisǐ tú xīshēng le zhèngyì [Pinyin]
  "Some people" are basically incurable, death penalty abolition merely sacrifices justice

Synonyms

(to give one's life):

edit

赴死 (fùsǐ)
捐軀／捐躯 (juānqū)
捨身／舍身 (shěshēn)

獻身／献身 (xiànshēn)
陣亡／阵亡 (zhènwáng) (to die in battle)

(to give up):

edit

Synonyms of 犧牲

割 (gē) (literary, or in compounds)
捐 (juān) (literary, or in compounds)
放捒 (Hokkien)
放生 (fàngshēng) (Singapore Hokkien)
甩捒 (Min Nan)
甩掉 (shuǎidiào)
丟掉／丢掉 (diūdiào)
丟棄／丢弃 (diūqì)
割捨／割舍 (gēshě) (literary)
屏棄／屏弃 (bǐngqì)
廢棄／废弃 (fèiqì)
扔棄／扔弃 (rēngqì)

拋／抛 (pāo)
拋棄／抛弃 (pāoqì)
捨去／舍去 (shěqù) (literary)
捨棄／舍弃 (shěqì)
揚棄／扬弃 (yángqì)
摒棄／摒弃 (bìngqì)
擯棄／摈弃 (bìnqì)
擯除／摈除 (bìnchú)
放棄／放弃 (fàngqì)
棄絕／弃绝 (qìjué) (literary)
遺棄／遗弃 (yíqì)
離棄／离弃 (líqì)

Derived terms

犧牲品／牺牲品 (xīshēngpǐn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (犧牲):

→ Japanese: 犠(ぎ)牲(せい) (gisei)
→ Korean: 희생(犧牲) (huisaeng)
→ Vietnamese: hi sinh (犧牲)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
犧	牲
ぎ Hyōgaiji	せい Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun

犧(ぎ)牲(せい) • (gisei)

Kyūjitai form of 犠牲: sacrifice

Korean

Hanja in this term
犧	牲

Noun

犧牲 • (huisaeng) (hangeul 희생)

Hanja form^? of 희생 (“sacrifice”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
犧	牲

Verb

犧牲

chữ Hán form of hi sinh (“to sacrifice”).

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.