晦日

Chinese
dark; night; unlucky
 
day; sun; date
day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)
simp. and trad.
(晦日)		 晦 日

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 晦 日
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 灰 (42) 眞 (48)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 荒内切 人質切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /huʌiH/ /ȵiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /huoiH/ /ȵit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xuɒiH/ /ȵʑjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwəjH/ /ȵit̚/
Li
Rong		 /xuᴀiH/ /ȵiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		 /xuɒiH/ /ȵʑĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xuɑ̆iH/ /ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huì rì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fui3 jat6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 晦 日
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huì rì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xwojH › ‹ nyit ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m̥ˁək-s/ /*C.nik/
English last day of a moon; dark sun; day

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 晦 日
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 9315 10845
Phonetic
component		 母 日
Rime
group		 之 質
Rime
subdivision		 0 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 日
Old
Chinese		 /*hmɯːs/ /*njiɡ/

Noun

晦日

  1. (literary) the last day of a month in the lunar calendar

Coordinate terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (晦日):
  • → Japanese: 晦日(かいじつ) (kaijitsu)
  • → Korean: 회일(晦日) (hoeil)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
晦 日
かい
Jinmeiyō		 じつ
Grade: 1
kan’on

/kʷai zitʉ/ → /kʷaiʑit͡su/ → /kaiʑit͡su/

From Middle Chinese 晦日 (MC huʌiH ȵiɪt̚).

Pronunciation

Noun

晦(かい)日(じつ) • (kaijitsu) ←くわいじつ (kwaizitu)?

  1. the last day of a month in the lunar calendar

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
晦 日
みそか
Jinmeiyō Grade: 1
jukujikun
Alternative spelling
三十日

From 三十 (miso, “thirty”) +‎ 日 (-ka, counter for days).

The kanji spelling is from kaijitsu above.

Pronunciation
  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) みそか [mìsóká] (Heiban – [0])[1]
    • IPA(key): [mʲiso̞ka̠]

Noun

晦日(みそか) • (misoka) 

  1. the last day of a month
  2. any of the last few or ten days of a month in the lunar calendar
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 晦日(みそか)勘(かん)定(じょう) (misoka kanjō)
  • 晦日(みそか)節(ぜち) (misokazechi)
  • 晦日(みそか)正(しょう)月(がつ) (misoka shōgatsu)
  • 晦日(みそか)蕎麦(そば) (misokasoba)
  • 晦日(みそか)払(ばら)い (misokabarai)
  • 大(おお)晦日(みそか) (ōmisoka)
Proverbs
  • 女(じょ)郎(ろう)に誠(まこと)あれば晦日(みそか)に月(つき)が出(で)る (jorō ni makoto areba misoka ni tsuki ga deru)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
晦 日
つごもり
Jinmeiyō Grade: 1
jukujikun
Kanji in this term
晦 日
つもごり
Jinmeiyō Grade: 1
jukujikun
For pronunciation and definitions of 晦日 – see the following entry.
【晦つごもり】J
[noun] (archaic) the darkening of moonlight
[noun] (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month
【晦つもごり】J
[noun] (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight
[noun] (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month
(This term, 晦日, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

Usage notes

The kanji spelling is from kaijitsu above.

Derived terms

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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