晦

晦 U+6666, 晦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6666
← 晥
[U+6665] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 晧 →
[U+6667]

Translingual

Han character

晦 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日人田卜 (AOWY), four-corner 68057, composition ⿰日每)

Derived characters
  • 𤹾

References
  • KangXi: page 496, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13960
  • Dae Jaweon: page 862, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1513, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6666

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 晦

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 晦
Warring States
Chu slip and silk script
Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
脢 *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
挴 *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ
海 *hmlɯːʔ
毐 *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ
呣 *mɯ
拇 *mɯʔ
母 *mɯʔ
胟 *mɯʔ
姆 *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ
畮 *mɯʔ
踇 *mɯʔ
苺 *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓 *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
敏 *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ
鰵 *mrɯŋʔ
慜 *mrɯŋʔ
毋 *ma
梅 *mɯː
酶 *mɯː
鋂 *mɯː
每 *mɯːʔ
毎 *mɯːs
痗 *mɯːs, *hmɯːs
晦 *hmɯːs
誨 *hmɯːs
悔 *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs
霉 *mrɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hmɯːs) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).

Etymology

STEDT compares 晦 (OC *hmɯːs) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 晦
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 荒内切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /huʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /huoiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xuɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwəjH/
Li
Rong		 /xuᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /xuɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xuɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fui3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 晦
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xwojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m̥ˁək-s/
English last day of a moon; dark

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 晦
Reading # 1/1
No. 9315
Phonetic
component		 母
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*hmɯːs/

Definitions

晦

  1. last day of a lunar month
  2. dark, unclear, obscure
  3. night
  4. 67th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "darkening" (𝍈)

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (晦):
  • → Japanese: 晦(かい) (kai)
  • → Korean: 회(晦) (hoe)
  • → Vietnamese: hối (晦)

Compounds
  • 晦蒙
  • 月晦
  • 老背晦
  • 肉眼愚晦
  • 背晦
  • 雺晦
  • 霾晦
  • 嚮晦／向晦
  • 晦氣／晦气 (huìqì)
  • 晦澀／晦涩 (huìsè)
  • 晦紋／晦纹
  • 晦跡／晦迹

Japanese

Kanji
晦

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
晦
かい
Jinmeiyō
kan’on

/kʷai/ → /kai/

From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC huʌiH).

Affix

晦(かい) • (kai) ←くわい (kwai)?

  1. end of the month
  2. dark, darkened
  3. obscure, unknown
  4. conceal, hide
Derived terms
Derived terms

Noun

晦(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. a darkening of the sky
  2. something unclear or obscure
  3. the last day of a (lunar) month

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
晦
つごもり
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
晦日

Shift from 月隠り (tsukikomori/tsukigomori, literally “moon hiding”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) つごもり [tsùgómórí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝɡo̞mo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

晦(つごもり) • (tsugomori) 

  1. (archaic) the darkening of moonlight
  2. (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 晦(つごもり)方(がた) (tsugomorigata)
  • 晦(つごもり)蕎(そ)麦(ば) (tsugomorisoba)
  • 大(おお)晦(つごもり) (ōtsugomori)
  • 小(こつ)晦日(ごもり) (kotsugomori)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
晦
つもごり
Jinmeiyō
irregular
Alternative spelling
晦日

Alteration of tsugomori above.

Noun

晦(つもごり) • (tsumogori) 

  1. (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight
  2. (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month
Derived terms

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 晦 (MC huʌiH). Recorded as Middle Korean ⿰日毎/회〯 (hwǒy) (Yale: hwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 晦 (eumhun 그믐 회 (geumeum hoe))

  1. Hanja form? of 회 (“last day of a lunar month”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

晦: Hán Nôm readings: hổi, hối, hói

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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