濁

See also: 浊

濁	U+6FC1, 濁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FC1

← 激
[U+6FC0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

濂 →
[U+6FC2]

Translingual

Han character

濁 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水田中戈 (EWLI), four-corner 3612₇, composition ⿰氵蜀)

Derived characters

𢹅, 𤅴

Related characters

浊 (Simplified Chinese)

References

KangXi: page 654, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18440
Dae Jaweon: page 1064, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1758, character 3
Unihan data for U+6FC1

Chinese

trad.		濁
simp.		浊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 濁
Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
襡	toːʔ, toːɡs, doːʔ, doːɡ, *djoɡ
噣	toːɡs, tuɡs, rtoːɡ, tjoɡ
斣	*toːɡs
歜	sdoːmʔ, tʰjoɡ
斀	*rtoːɡ
孎	rtoːɡ, toɡ
濁	*rdoːɡ
鐲	rdoːɡ, zroːɡ, *djoɡ
鸀	rdoːɡ, tjoɡ
擉	*sʰroːɡ
獨	*doːɡ
髑	*doːɡ
韣	doːɡ, tjoɡ, *djoɡ
斸	*toɡ
钃	*toɡ
欘	*toɡ
躅	*doɡ
蠋	doɡ, tjoɡ
燭	*tjoɡ
囑	*tjoɡ
矚	*tjoɡ
屬	tjoɡ, djoɡ
属	tjoɡ, djoɡ
蠾	tjoɡ, djoɡ
觸	*tʰjoɡ
臅	*tʰjoɡ
觕	sʰlaː, zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ
蜀	*djoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rdoːɡ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhuó (zhuo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhug / thug

(Meixian, Guangdong): cug⁶
Min Dong (BUC): cŏk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ta̍k / cho̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): zuag⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
  - Wade–Giles: cho²
  - Yale: jwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
  - Palladius: чжо (čžo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂwɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zuk⁶
  - Yale: juhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhug / thug
  - Hakka Romanization System: cug` / tug`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cug⁵ / tug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰug²/, /tʰug²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡souʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍k / cho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ta̍k / tso̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dak, zok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tak̚²⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tak̚¹²¹/, /t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/

Note:

ta̍k - vernacular;
cho̍k - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zuag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsua̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suak̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɖˠʌk̚/

Rime
Character	濁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	江 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	直角切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/ȡɔk̚/
Wang Li	/ȡɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zok⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-tˤ]rok/

(Zhengzhang): /*rdoːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	濁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuó
Middle Chinese	‹ dræwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[N-tˁ]rok/
English	muddy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濁
Reading #	1/1
No.	11813
Phonetic component	蜀
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	濁
Old Chinese	/*rdoːɡ/

Definitions

濁

muddy; turbid; dirty; filthy
chaotic; disorderly
(of voice) deep and thick
(phonetics, of consonants) voiced
(Cantonese) to choke; to gag

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		渾濁, 混濁
Mandarin	Beijing	渾
	Jinan	渾
	Xi'an	溷
	Wuhan	渾
	Chengdu	渾
	Yangzhou	渾
	Hefei	渾
Cantonese	Guangzhou	濁
	Hong Kong	濁
	Yangjiang	濁
Gan	Nanchang	渾
Hakka	Meixian	渾
Jin	Taiyuan	溷
Min Bei	Jian'ou	渾, 濁
Min Dong	Fuzhou	渾
Min Nan	Xiamen	醪, 醪濁
	Zhangzhou	醪
	Chaozhou	醪
Wu	Suzhou	渾
Wu	Wenzhou	渾
Xiang	Changsha	渾
Xiang	Shuangfeng	渾

(to choke): 嗆／呛 (qiāng)

Compounds

乳濁液／乳浊液 (rǔzhuóyè)
五濁惡世／五浊恶世
凡胎濁骨／凡胎浊骨
十清九濁／十清九浊
惡濁／恶浊 (èzhuó)
懸濁液／悬浊液 (xuánzhuóyè)
揚清抑濁／扬清抑浊
揚清激濁／扬清激浊
汙濁／污浊
淟濁／淟浊
混濁／混浊 (hùnzhuó)
清塵濁水／清尘浊水
清渭濁涇／清渭浊泾
清濁／清浊 (qīngzhuó)

清濁同流／清浊同流
清聖濁賢／清圣浊贤
渾濁／浑浊 (húnzhuó)
溷濁／溷浊
激濁揚清／激浊扬清
濁世／浊世 (zhuóshì)
濁母／浊母
濁氣／浊气
濁水／浊水
濁水溪／浊水溪 (Zhuóshuǐxī)
濁流／浊流 (zhuóliú)
濁涇清渭／浊泾清渭
濁物／浊物
濁聲／浊声

濁聲母／浊声母
濁質凡姿／浊质凡姿
濁酒／浊酒 (zhuójiǔ)
濁酒粗食／浊酒粗食 (zhuójiǔ cūshí)
濁醪／浊醪
濁音／浊音 (zhuóyīn)
濁骨凡胎／浊骨凡胎
白濁／白浊
稠濁／稠浊
紛濁／纷浊
舉世混濁／举世混浊 (jǔshìhǔnzhuó)
行濁言清／行浊言清
言清行濁／言清行浊
貪濁有狀／贪浊有状

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 濁 – see 醪 (“(Min Nan) dirty”). (This character, 濁, is a variant form of 醪.)

Japanese

Kanji

濁

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

muddy
(phonetics) voiced consonant

Readings

Go-on: じょく (joku)^{←ぢよく (dyoku, historical)}
Kan-on: たく (taku)
Kan’yō-on: だく (daku, Jōyō)
Kun: にごす (nigosu, 濁す, Jōyō); にごり (nigori, 濁り); にごる (nigoru, 濁る, Jōyō)

Compounds

濁音(だくおん) (dakuon)
濁点(だくてん) (dakuten)
半濁点(はんだくてん) (handakuten)
連濁(れんだく) (rendaku): rendaku, sequential voicing

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 濁 (MC ɖˠʌk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 탁〮 (thák) (Yale: thak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 濁 (eumhun 흐릴 탁 (heuril tak))

Hanja form^? of 탁 (“muddy, cloudy”).

Compounds

혼탁 (混濁/溷濁/渾濁, hontak, “being muddy; turbid”)
탁류 (濁流, tangnyu, “muddy current; turbid waters”)
탁주 (濁酒, ^takju, “Takju, Korean unfiltered rice wine”)
둔탁 (鈍濁, duntak, “being blunt; dull”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

濁: Hán Nôm readings: trọc, đục, rục, sộc, chọc, trạc, trọa/troạ, trộc, trậc

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