窟

窟 U+7A9F, 窟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A9F
← 窞
[U+7A9E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 窠 →
[U+7AA0]

Translingual

Han character

窟 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 十金尸山山 (JCSUU), four-corner 30272, composition ⿱穴屈)

References
  • KangXi: page 866, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25552
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1294, character 32
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2734, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+7A9F

Chinese
trad. 窟
simp. # 窟

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (出) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
聉 *r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd
贅 *kljods
祟 *sqʰluds
出 *kʰljuds, *kʰljud
茁 *ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud
欪 *qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud
貀 *ŋr'uːd
袦 *ŋr'oːd
咄 *ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd
柮 *sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd
拙 *kljod
炪 *kljod, *l̥ʰud
掘 *ɡlod, *ɡlud
鈯 *l'uːd
啒 *kluːd, *qʰluːd
淈 *kluːd, *ɡluːd
窟 *kʰluːd
泏 *kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud
堀 *kʰluːd, *ɡlud
胐 *kʰluːd
窋 *ʔl'ud
絀 *ʔl'ud
黜 *l̥ʰud
屈 *klud, *kʰlud
趉 *klud
鶌 *klud
詘 *kʰlud
倔 *ɡlud
崛 *ɡlud, *ŋɡlud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰluːd) : semantic 穴 (“hole; cave”) + phonetic 屈 (OC *klud, *kʰlud).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Meixian:
    • kiud5 - literary;
    • fud5 - vernacular.
Note:
  • kug4 - literary;
  • kuh4/uh4 - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: 4khoq; 4khueq
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʰʊʔ⁵⁵/, /kʰɯə̯ʔ⁵⁵/
Rime
Character 窟
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 魂 (56)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦骨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰuət̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰuot̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰwət̚/
Li
Rong		 /kʰuət̚/
Wang
Li		 /kʰuət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰuət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ku
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 窟
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 kū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khwot ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[kʰ]ˁut/
English cave, hole

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 窟
Reading # 1/1
No. 1565
Phonetic
component		 出
Rime
group		 物
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 窟
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰluːd/

Definitions

窟

  1. hole; cave
    石窟  ―  shíkū  ―  rock cave
    狡兔三窟  ―  jiǎotùsānkū  ―  a crafty person has more than one hideout (literally, “a crafty rabbit has three burrows”)
  2. (obsolete) house made of earth
  3. a place where a certain kind of people or things gather
    魔窟  ―  mókū  ―  place occupied by sinister forces
    貧民窟／贫民窟  ―  pínmínkū  ―  slum

Compounds
  • 窟窿眼 (kūlongyǎn)
  • 窟窿碰撞
  • 窟臀
  • 莫高窟 (Mògāokū)
  • 魔窟 (mókū)
  • 云岡石窟／云冈石窟
  • 克孜爾石窟／克孜尔石窟

References

Japanese

Kanji
窟

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. hole, cave

Readings

Definitions
For pronunciation and definitions of 窟 – see the following entry.
【岩屋いわや】
[noun] a cave
[noun] a cavern
Alternative spellings
石屋, 窟
(This term, 窟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 窟 (MC kʰuət̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448코ᇙ〮 (Yale: khwólq)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527구무 (Yale: kwùmwù)굴〮 (Yale: kwúl)

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku(ː)ɭ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [굴(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 窟 (eumhun 굴 굴 (gul gul))

  1. Hanja form? of 굴 (“cave; hole”). [noun]

Compounds
  • See the Hangeul entry at 굴 (gul) for compounds of 窟.

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

窟: Hán Nôm readings: quật

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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