竅

See also: 窍

竅	U+7AC5, 竅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AC5

← 竄
[U+7AC4]

CJK Unified Ideographs

竆 →
[U+7AC6]

Translingual

Han character

竅 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹尸大 (JCHSK), four-corner 3024₈, composition ⿱穴敫)

Derived characters

𨇶

References

KangXi: page 869, character 3

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25680

Dae Jaweon: page 1298, character 16

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2744, character 9

Unihan data for U+7AC5

Chinese

trad.		竅
simp.		窍

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
礉	kʰreːw, kʰreːwɢs
邀	qlew, kleːw
憿	*kleːw
徼	kleːw, kleːwɢs
儌	kleːwʔ, kleːwʔ
璬	*kleːwʔ
皦	*kleːwʔ
繳	kleːwʔ, kljewɢ, *ɡreːɡ
敫	kleːwɢs, ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ
譥	*kleːwɢs
激	kleːwɢs, kleːwɢ
噭	*kleːwɢs
獥	kleːwɢs, kleːwɢ, *ɡleːwɢ
鸄	kleːwɢs, kleːwɢ, *ɡleːwɢ
墽	*kʰleːw
竅	*kʰleːwɢs
覈	ɡleːd, ɡreːɡ
燩	kʰreːwɢ, kʰleːwɢ
檄	*ɡleːwɢ
薂	*ɡleːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰleːwɢs) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ).

Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ချောက် (hkyauk, “chasm, gulf”); alternative or additionally, 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) is k-prefixed nominal derivation of 窕 (OC *l'eːwʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiào (qiao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hiu³, kiu³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khieu
Jin (Wiktionary): qiau³
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khiàu / khiò

(Teochew, Peng'im): kiao³ / kiou³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciào
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiao⁴
  - Yale: chyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiaw
  - Palladius: цяо (cjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hiu³, kiu³
  - Yale: hiu, kiu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hiu³, kiu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hiu³, kiu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːu̯³³/, /kʰiːu̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khieu
  - Hakka Romanization System: kieu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kieu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯eu̯⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qiau³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiau⁴⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàu / khiò
  - Tâi-lô: khiàu / khiò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiaux, qioix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiau²¹/, /kʰio²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiau⁴¹/, /kʰio⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiau²¹/, /kʰio²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiau¹¹/, /kʰio¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiau²¹/, /kʰiɤ²¹/

Note:

khiàu - literary;
khiò - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kiao³ / kiou³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiàu / khiòu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiau²¹³/, /kʰiou²¹³/

Note:

kiao3 - Shantou;
kiou3 - Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: /kʰeuH/

Rime
Character	竅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	苦弔切
Baxter	khewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰeu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰeu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰeu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛw^H/
Li Rong	/kʰeu^H/
Wang Li	/kʰieu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰieu^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hiu³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤewk-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰleːwɢs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	竅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiào
Middle Chinese	‹ khew^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁewk-s/
English	hole, opening
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	竅
Reading #	1/1
No.	6399
Phonetic component	敫
Rime group	豹
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	竅
Old Chinese	/*kʰleːwɢs/

Definitions

竅

hole, aperture

Compounds

一竅不通／一窍不通 (yīqiàobùtōng)
七竅／七窍 (qīqiào)
七竅生煙／七窍生烟
不識竅／不识窍
中竅／中窍
九竅／九窍
孔竅／孔窍
得竅／得窍
心竅／心窍 (xīnqiào)

有竅／有窍
歸竅／归窍
痰迷心竅／痰迷心窍
知竅／知窍
竅門／窍门 (qiàomén)
萬竅／万窍
訣竅／诀窍 (juéqiào)
財迷心竅／财迷心窍 (cáimíxīnqiào)

迷了心竅／迷了心窍
通竅／通窍
鑿竅／凿窍
開竅／开窍 (kāiqiào)
關竅／关窍
餘竅／余窍
鬼迷心竅／鬼迷心窍 (guǐmíxīnqiào)
鬼頭關竅／鬼头关窍

References

“竅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

竅

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)

Kun: あな (ana)

Korean

Hanja

竅 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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