腍

腍	U+814D, 腍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-814D

← 腌
[U+814C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

腎 →
[U+814E]

Translingual

Han character

腍 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月人戈心 (BOIP), four-corner 7823₂, composition ⿰月念)

References

KangXi: page 986, character 31

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29619

Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 11

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2089, character 13

Unihan data for U+814D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (念) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
淰	rnɯːmʔ, nɯːmʔ, *hnjɯmʔ
唸	tɯːms, tɯːns
埝	tɯːms, nɯːb
趝	klɯːms, n̥ʰɯːms
諗	*hnjɯmʔ
稔	*njɯːm
棯	*njɯmʔ
腍	*njɯmʔ
捻	*nɯːb
錜	*nɯːb
敜	*nɯːb
惗	nɯːb, sens
菍	nɯːb, nɯːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njɯmʔ) : semantic 肉 (“flesh; meat”) + phonetic 念 (OC *nɯːms).

Etymology 1

trad.		腍
simp. ^#		腍

Possibly related to the similar-shaped *nVm word family for “soft” (Schuessler, 2007); see 荏 (OC *njɯmʔ, “soft; weak”). Also compare 稔 (OC *njɯːm, “ripe”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rěn (ren³)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): nam⁵, jam⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rěn
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rěn
  - Wade–Giles: jên³
  - Yale: rěn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reen
  - Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: nam⁵, jam⁶
  - Yale: náhm, yahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nam⁵, jam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: nem⁵, yem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɐm¹³/, /jɐm²²/

Middle Chinese: /ȵiɪm^X/

Rime
Character	腍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如甚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵim^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjem^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵim^X/
Li Rong	/ȵiəm^X/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯əm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rěn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*njɯmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	腍
Reading #	1/1
No.	9498
Phonetic component	念
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	荏
Old Chinese	/*njɯmʔ/
Notes	見禮記

Definitions

腍

^† Alternative form of 飪／饪 (rèn, “cooked”).
^† delicious; tasty
^† full (having eaten one's fill)

Etymology 2

trad.		腍
simp. ^#		腍
alternative forms		稔煁焾淰䭃／𩠈

Possibly borrowed from one or several substrate languages; cf. Zhuang naemz (“soft; pulpy; thoroughly cooked”), Thai นุ่ม (nûm, “soft”) (Lian, 2001). Perhaps related to etymology 1.

Pronunciation

Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): nam⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): nem³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): nèm

(Meixian, Guangdong): nêm²

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: nam⁴
  - Yale: nàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: nem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɐm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: nem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdem²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nèm
  - Hakka Romanization System: nemˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nem²
  - Sinological IPA: /nem¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: nêm²
  - Sinological IPA: /nɛm¹¹/

Definitions

腍

(Cantonese, Hakka, Pinghua, Liuzhou Mandarin) soft; tender
啲牛腩炆到好腍。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
di¹ ngau⁴ naam⁵ man¹ dou³ hou² nam⁴. [Jyutping]
The beef brisket has been simmered until it is really tender.
(Cantonese) mushy; soggy; soft
啲春卷腍嗮喇。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
di¹ ceon¹ gyun² nam⁴ saai³ laa³. [Jyutping]
The spring rolls have become soggy.
(Cantonese, of sleep) sound; deep
Synonym: 熟 (shú)
(Cantonese, of a person) kind; good-natured
(Pinghua, of a person) physically weak

Compounds

腍佛
腍善

腍坺坺
腍柿

腍鼻
軟腍腍／软腍腍

Etymology 3

trad.		腍
simp. ^#		腍

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Yale: dyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tjɛn⁵¹/

Definitions

腍

^† beautiful

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