詐

See also: 诈

詐	U+8A50, 詐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A50

← 詏
[U+8A4F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

詑 →
[U+8A51]

Translingual

Han character

詐 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人尸 (YROS), four-corner 0861₁, composition ⿰訁乍)

Derived characters

𠁙, 𨐷

References

KangXi: page 1154, character 20

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35373

Dae Jaweon: page 1620, character 21

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3954, character 11

Unihan data for U+8A50

Chinese

trad.		詐
simp.		诈

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 詐
Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (乍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
作	ʔsaːɡs, ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ
鲊	*ʔsraːʔ
痄	*ʔsraːʔ
厏	ʔsraːʔ, zraːʔ
詐	*ʔsraːɡs
咋	ʔsraːɡs, zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ
笮	ʔsraːɡs, zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
榨	*ʔsraːɡs
炸	ʔr'aːɡs, zreːb
乍	*zraːɡs
拃	*ʔsraːnʔ
酢	sʰaːɡs, zaːɡ
祚	*zaːɡs
胙	*zaːɡs
阼	*zaːɡs
飵	zaːɡs, zaːɡ
秨	zaːɡs, zaːɡ
迮	ʔsaːɡ, ʔsraːɡ
柞	ʔsaːɡ, zaːɡ
昨	*zaːɡ
怍	*zaːɡ
砟	*zaːɡ
莋	*zaːɡ
岝	zaːɡ, zraːɡ
鈼	*zaːɡ
筰	*zaːɡ
葃	zaːɡ, zreːɡ, *zaɡ
舴	ʔr'aːɡ, ʔsraːɡ
窄	*ʔsraːɡ
蚱	*ʔsraːɡ
齚	*zraːɡ
泎	*zraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsraːɡs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhà, zhǎ (zha⁴, zha³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ, ㄓㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): cha

(Meixian, Guangdong): za⁴
Min Dong (BUC): cá
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chà / chè / chèe

(Teochew, Peng'im): za³ / dên³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
  - Wade–Giles: cha⁴
  - Yale: jà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
  - Palladius: чжа (čža)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎ
  - Wade–Giles: cha³
  - Yale: jǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaa
  - Palladius: чжа (čža)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä²¹⁴/

Note: zhǎ - Taiwan, “to bluff someone into giving information”.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaa³
  - Yale: ja
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: za³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cha
  - Hakka Romanization System: za
  - Hagfa Pinyim: za⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sa⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: za⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sa⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chà
  - Tâi-lô: tsà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zax
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sa²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sa¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
  - Tâi-lô: tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zex
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡se²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèe
  - Tâi-lô: tsèe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²¹/

Note: chà - literary, chè/chèe - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: za³ / dên³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsà / tèⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa²¹³/, /tẽ²¹³/

Note:

za3 - literary;
dên3 - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃˠa^H/

Rime
Character	詐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側駕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠa^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚa^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃa^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂaɨ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃa^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃa^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂa^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaa³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤrak-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	詐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhà
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrae^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁrak-s/
English	treacherous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	詐
Reading #	1/1
No.	16645
Phonetic component	乍
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	詐
Old Chinese	/*ʔsraːɡs/

Definitions

詐

to cheat; to defraud; to swindle
爾虞我詐／尔虞我诈 ― ěryúwǒzhà ― to deceive each other
- 盟曰：「我無爾詐，爾無我虞。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  盟曰：“我无尔诈，尔无我虞。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Méng yuē: “Wǒ wú ěr zhà, ěr wú wǒ yú.” [Pinyin]
  The covenant said, “We shall not defraud you, and you shall not deceive us.
to pretend; to feign
- 將軍紀信乃乘王駕，詐為漢王，誑楚。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  将军纪信乃乘王驾，诈为汉王，诳楚。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Jiāngjūn Jì Xìn nǎi chéng wángjià, zhà wèi hànwáng, kuáng chǔ. [Pinyin]
  General Ji Xin rode the king's carriage, pretending to be the King of Han (Liu Bang) to deceive the Chu.
to bluff (someone) into giving information
(obsolete) pretty; charming; dignified; haughty; proud
(obsolete) Alternative form of 乍 (zhà, “suddenly”).
- 此偏戰也，曷為以詐戰之辭言之？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  此偏战也，曷为以诈战之辞言之？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
  Cǐ piānzhàn yě, hé wèi yǐ zhàzhàn zhī cí yán zhī? [Pinyin]
  This was a positional war. Why does it then talk about it in terms of a surprise attack? (translation adapted from Gentz, 2015)

Compounds

不苦詐／不苦诈
乘偽行詐／乘伪行诈
兵不厭詐／兵不厌诈 (bīngbùyànzhà)
刁詐／刁诈
勒詐／勒诈
哄嚇騙詐／哄吓骗诈
嚇詐／吓诈
奸詐／奸诈
奸詐不級／奸诈不级
姦詐／奸诈 (jiānzhà)
巧詐／巧诈 (qiǎozhà)
打詐／打诈
撒詐搗虛／撒诈捣虚
敲詐／敲诈 (qiāozhà)
敲詐勒索／敲诈勒索 (qiāozhàlèsuǒ)
機詐／机诈
權詐／权诈
欺詐／欺诈 (qīzhà)
爾虞我詐／尔虞我诈 (ěryúwǒzhà)
爾詐我虞／尔诈我虞
狂三詐四／狂三诈四

狙詐／狙诈
狡猾多詐／狡猾多诈
狡詐／狡诈 (jiǎozhà)
矯情飾詐／矫情饰诈
紮詐／扎诈
虛詐／虚诈
行詐／行诈
訛詐／讹诈 (ézhà)
詐偽／诈伪
詐取／诈取 (zhàqǔ)
詐取豪奪／诈取豪夺
詐哄／诈哄
詐唬／诈唬 (zhàhǔ)
詐啞佯聾／诈哑佯聋
詐奸不及／诈奸不及
詐屍／诈尸 (zhàshī)
詐故／诈故
詐敗／诈败 (zhàbài)
詐敗佯輸／诈败佯输
詐欺／诈欺 (zhàqī)

詐欺罪／诈欺罪
詐死／诈死 (zhàsǐ)
詐眼兒／诈眼儿
詐稱／诈称 (zhàchēng)
詐術／诈术
詐語／诈语
詐謀奇計／诈谋奇计
詐財／诈财 (zhàcái)
詐降／诈降
詐騙／诈骗 (zhàpiàn)
詭詐／诡诈 (guǐzhà)
誆言詐語／诓言诈语
謊詐／谎诈
譎詐／谲诈
譟詐／噪诈
變詐／变诈
賴詐／赖诈
逆詐／逆诈
鄙詐／鄙诈
險詐／险诈 (xiǎnzhà)

Japanese

Kanji

詐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: しゃ (sha)
Kan-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
Kun: いつわる (itsuwaru, 詐る)

Korean

Hanja

詐 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

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Vietnamese

Han character

詐: Hán Nôm readings: trá, cha

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