髮

See also: 发 and 髪
髮 U+9AEE, 髮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9AEE
← 髭
[U+9AED] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 髯 →
[U+9AEF]

Translingual
Traditional 髮
Shinjitai 髪
Simplified 发

Han character

髮 (Kangxi radical 190, 髟+5, 15 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹戈大水 (SHIKE) or 尸竹戈大大 (SHIKK), four-corner 72447, composition ⿱髟犮)

Derived characters
  • 𧸻

References
  • KangXi: page 1453, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45400
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1984, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4521, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+9AEE

Chinese
trad. 髮
simp. 发*
alternative forms 髪／发
𩠖 ancient
𩑛 ancient
𩑱 ancient
𤕥 ancient

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (犮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
軷 *boːds, *boːd
韍 *bruds, *pud
祓 *pods, *pʰud
蛂 *blɯːd
拔 *bruːd, *boːd, *bod
菝 *bruːd, *boːd
袚 *poːd
茇 *poːd
盋 *poːd
帗 *poːd, *pud
跋 *boːd
魃 *boːd
䣮 *boːd
馛 *boːd
炦 *boːd
颰 *boːd, *pod
妭 *boːd
犮 *boːd
胈 *boːd
鈸 *boːd
苃 *boːd
坺 *boːd, *bod
髮 *pod
冹 *pod, *pud
瞂 *bod
紱 *pud
黻 *pud
翇 *pud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pod) : semantic 髟 (“long hair”) + phonetic 犮 (OC *boːd).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-pu. Alternatively, it may be derived from 發 (OC *pad, “to sprout”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • bṳĕ - vernacular;
  • huă - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: huók / huák
      • Sinological IPA (key): /huɔʔ²⁴/, /huɑʔ²⁴/
Note:
  • huók - vernacular;
  • huák - literary.
Note:
  • huag4 - Shantou;
  • huêg4 - Chaozhou.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 髮
Mandarin Beijing /fa⁵¹/
Harbin /fa²¹³/
Tianjin /fɑ¹³/
Jinan /fa²¹³/
Qingdao /fa⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /fa²⁴/
Xi'an /fa²¹/
Xining /fa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /fa¹³/
Lanzhou /fa¹³/
Ürümqi /fa²¹³/
Wuhan /fa²¹³/
Chengdu /fa³¹/
Guiyang /fa²¹/
Kunming /fa̠³¹/
Nanjing /fɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /fɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /faʔ²/
Pingyao /xuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /faʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /faʔ⁵/
Suzhou /faʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /fɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ho²¹³/
Hui Shexian /faʔ²¹/
Tunxi /fuːə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /fa²⁴/
Xiangtan /ɸɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /faʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /fat̚¹/
Taoyuan /fɑt̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fat̚³/
Nanning /fat̚³³/
Hong Kong /fat̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /huat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huɔʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /puɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /huak̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /fak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 髮
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 元 (68)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方伐切
Baxter pjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /piuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /puat̚/
Li
Rong		 /piuɐt̚/
Wang
Li		 /pĭwɐt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fa
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 faat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 髮
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fà
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pjot ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pot/
English root; hair (of head)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 髮
Reading # 1/1
No. 151
Phonetic
component		 犮
Rime
group		 月
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 髮
Old
Chinese		 /*pod/

Definitions

髮

  1. (anatomy) hair
    頭髮／头发  ―  tóufa  ―  hair
  2. † (figurative) grass and trees (on a mountain); vegetation
  3. a surname

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 頭髮 (“hair (on the head)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 髮, 頭毛
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 頭髮
Mandarin Beijing 頭髮
Taiwan 頭髮
Langfang 頭髮
Tangshan 頭髮
Cangzhou 頭髮
Baoding 頭髮
Shijiazhuang 毛
Daming 頭髮
Ulanhot 頭髮
Tongliao 頭髮
Chifeng 頭髮
Bayanhot 頭髮
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 頭髮
Harbin 頭髮
Shenyang 頭髮
Yantai (Muping) 頭髮
Jinan 頭髮
Luoyang 頭髮
Wanrong 頭髮
Zhengzhou 頭髮
Xi'an 頭髮
Yinchuan 頭髮
Lanzhou 頭髮
Xining 頭髮
Ürümqi 頭髮
Wuhan 頭髮
Chengdu 頭髮
Guiyang 頭髮
Kunming 頭髮
Guilin 頭髮
Liuzhou 頭髮
Xuzhou 頭髮, 毛兒 humorous
Yangzhou 頭髮
Nanjing 頭髮
Hefei 頭髮
Chuzhou 頭毛
Malaysia 頭髮
Singapore 頭髮
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 頭髮
Cantonese Guangzhou 頭髮, 頭毛
Hong Kong 頭髮
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 頭毛
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 頭毛
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 頭那毛
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 頭毛
Macau 頭髮
Guangzhou (Panyu) 頭毛, 頭髮
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 頭髮
Guangzhou (Conghua) 頭髮, 頭毛
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 頭毛
Foshan 頭毛, 頭髮
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 頭髮
Foshan (Shunde) 頭髮
Foshan (Sanshui) 頭髮
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 頭髮
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 頭毛
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 頭毛
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 頭毛
Zhuhai (Doumen) 頭毛
Jiangmen (Baisha) 頭毛
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 頭毛
Taishan 頭毛
Kaiping (Chikan) 頭毛
Enping (Niujiang) 頭毛
Heshan (Yayao) 頭髮
Dongguan 頭毛
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 頭毛
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 頭毛
Qingyuan 頭髮
Fogang 頭髮
Yingde (Hanguang) 頭髮
Yangshan 頭髮
Lianshan (Butian) 頭毛
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 頭髮
Shaoguan 頭髮
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頭髮
Renhua 頭髮
Lechang 頭髮
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 頭髮
Sihui 頭髮
Guangning 頭髮
Deqing 頭髮
Huaiji 頭髮
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 頭髮
Yunfu 頭髮
Xinxing 頭髮
Luoding 頭髮
Yunan (Pingtai) 頭毛
Yangjiang 頭毛
Xinyi 頭毛
Maoming (Xinpo) 頭毛
Lianjiang 頭毛
Nanning 頭髮
Wuzhou 頭髮
Yulin 頭毛
Hepu (Lianzhou) 頭毛
Guiping 頭髮
Mengshan (Xihe) 頭髮
Guigang (Nanjiang) 頭髮
Beiliu (Tangliao) 頭毛
Baise 頭髮
Bobai 頭毛
Lingshan 頭毛
Pubei 頭毛
Qinzhou 頭毛
Beihai 頭髮, 頭毛
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 頭髮, 頭毛
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 頭髮
Ningming 頭髮
Hengzhou 頭毛
Hezhou (Pumen) 頭髮
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 頭髮, 頭毛
Danzhou 毛
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 頭髮
Singapore (Guangfu) 頭髮
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 頭髮
Móng Cái 頭髮, 頭毛
Gan Nanchang 頭髮
Lichuan 頭髮
Pingxiang 頭髮
Hakka Meixian 頭那毛
Xingning 毛
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 頭毛
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 頭毛
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 頭毛
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 頭毛
Huidong (Daling) 頭那毛
Dongguan (Qingxi) 頭那毛
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 頭髮
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 頭髮, 頭毛
Boluo (Bendihua) 頭毛
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 頭那毛
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 頭那毛
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 毛, 頭那毛
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 頭那毛
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 頭那毛
Wuhua (Huacheng) 頭那毛
Wuhua (Changbu) 頭那毛
Wuhua (Mianyang) 頭那毛
Heyuan (Bendihua) 頭毛, 頭髮
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 頭毛
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 頭髮
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 頭髮
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 頭髮
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 頭髮
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 頭髮
Wengyuan 頭髮毛
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頭毛
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 頭毛
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 頭毛, 頭髮
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 頭髮
Liannan 頭髮
Conghua (Lütian) 頭髮
Jiexi 頭那毛
Luhe 頭那毛
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 頭那毛
Changting 頭髮, 頭那毛
Wuping 頭髮
Wuping (Yanqian) 毛
Wuping (Pingyu) 頭髮毛
Liancheng 頭髮
Ninghua 腦毛
Yudu 頭髮
Ningdu 頭髮
Ruijin 頭髮
Shicheng 頭髮
Shangyou (Shexi) 頭髮
Tonggu (Sandu) 頭髮
Ganzhou (Panlong) 頭髮
Dayu 頭髮
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 頭那毛
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 頭那毛
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 頭那毛
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 頭那毛
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 頭那毛
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 頭那毛
Hong Kong 頭那毛
Yangxi (Tangkou) 頭毛
Yangchun (Sanjia) 頭毛
Xinyi (Sihe) 頭髮
Xinyi (Qianpai) 頭髮
Gaozhou (Xindong) 頭毛
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 頭毛
Huazhou (Xin'an) 頭髮
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 頭毛
Lianjiang (Qingping) 頭毛
Mengshan (Xihe) 頭髮
Luchuan 頭毛
Luchuan (Daqiao) 頭毛
Sabah (Longchuan) 頭那毛
Senai (Huiyang) 頭那毛
Kuching (Hepo) 頭毛
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 頭那毛
Singkawang 頭那毛
Huizhou Jixi 頭毛, 頭髮
Tunxi 頭髮
Jin Taiyuan 頭髮
Pingyao 頭髮
Xinzhou 頭髮
Taibus (Baochang) 頭髮
Linhe 頭髮
Jining 頭髮
Hohhot 頭髮
Baotou 頭髮
Dongsheng 頭髮
Haibowan 頭髮
Zhangjiakou 頭髮
Handan 頭髮
Min Bei Jian'ou 頭毛, 頭髮
Jian'ou (Dikou) 頭毛
Songxi 頭毛
Zhenghe 頭毛
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 頭毛
Jianyang 頭毛
Wuyishan 頭毛
Pucheng (Shibei) 頭毛
Min Dong Fuzhou 頭髮
Fuqing 頭髮, 頭毛
Gutian 頭髮
Ningde 頭髮
Shouning 頭髮
Zhouning 頭髮
Fuding 頭髮
Matsu 頭髮
Min Nan Xiamen 頭毛, 頭鬃
Xiamen (Tong'an) 頭毛
Quanzhou 頭毛, 頭鬃
Jinjiang 頭毛, 頭鬃
Shishi 頭毛
Anxi 頭毛, 頭鬃
Yongchun 頭毛
Dehua 頭毛
Zhangzhou 頭毛, 頭鬃
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 頭毛
Zhao'an 頭毛
Dongshan 頭毛
Taipei 頭毛
New Taipei (Sanxia) 頭毛
Kaohsiung 頭毛
Yilan 頭毛
Changhua (Lukang) 頭毛
Taichung 頭毛, 頭鬃
Taichung (Wuqi) 頭毛
Tainan 頭毛
Taitung 頭毛
Hsinchu 頭毛, 頭鬃
Kinmen 頭毛
Penghu (Magong) 頭毛
Penang (Hokkien) 頭毛
Singapore (Hokkien) 頭毛, 頭鬃
Manila (Hokkien) 頭毛
Longyan 頭毛
Zhangping (Yongfu) 頭毛
Datian 頭毛
Pingnan (Shangdu) 頭毛
Chaozhou 頭毛
Shantou 頭毛
Shantou (Chenghai) 頭毛
Shantou (Chaoyang) 頭毛
Jieyang 頭毛
Lufeng 頭毛
Haifeng 頭毛
Bangkok (Teochew) 頭毛
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 頭毛
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 頭毛
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 頭毛
Singapore (Teochew) 頭毛
Leizhou 頭毛
Wenchang 頭毛
Haikou 頭毛
Puxian Min Putian 頭髮
Fuding (Aoyao) 頭毛
Min Zhong Yong'an 頭髮
Sanyuan 頭髮
Shaxian 頭髮
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 頭毛
Sanxiang 頭毛
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 頭髮
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 頭毛
Shehua Fu'an 頭毛
Fuding 頭毛
Luoyuan 頭毛
Sanming 頭毛
Shunchang 頭毛
Hua'an 頭毛
Guixi (Zhangping) 頭毛
Cangnan 頭毛
Jingning 頭毛
Lishui 頭毛
Longyou 頭毛
Chaozhou 頭毛
Fengshun 頭毛
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 腦毛
Wu Shanghai 頭髮
Shanghai (Chongming) 頭毛
Suzhou 頭髮
Wuxi 頭髮
Danyang 頭髮, 頭髮絲, 頭毛 dated
Hangzhou 頭髮, 頭髮絲兒
Ningbo 頭髮, 頭毛 dated
Wenzhou 頭髮
Jinhua 頭髮
Xiang Changsha 頭髮
Loudi 頭絲
Shuangfeng 頭髮
Jiangyong 腦毛
Quanzhou 頭髮

Compounds

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

 髪

Kyūjitai

 髮

Kanji
髮

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 髪)

  1. hair (specifically on one's head; does not indicate body hair)

Readings
  • Go-on: ほち (hochi)
  • Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)
  • Kun: かみ (kami, 髮)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 髮 (MC pʉɐt̚).

Recorded as Middle Korean 버ᇙ〮 (Yale: pelq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 발〮 (pál) (Yale: pal) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 髮 (eumhun 터럭 발 (teoreok bal))

  1. Hanja form? of 발 (“hair”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

髮: Hán Nôm readings: phát

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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