-nek

See also: nek, nec, neck, and -nék

Hungarian

Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions)
edsuffixwho?what?thisthathe/she
(it)*
case v. pr.c.
nom.–kimiezaző* / -∅
az / -∅		––
acc.-t / -ot /
-at / -et / -öt		kitmiteztaztőt* / -∅
azt / -∅		–c1
c2
dat.-nak / -nekkinekminekennekannaknekineki-c
ins.-val / -velkivelmivelezzel/
evvel		azzal/
avval		velec
c-f.-értkiértmiértezértazértérte–c
tra.-vá / -vékivémivéezzéazzá––c
ter.-ig–meddigeddigaddig––c
e-f.-ként(kiként)(miként)ekkéntakként––c
e-m.-ul / -ül––––––c
ine.-ban / -benkibenmibenebbenabbanbenne–c
sup.-n/-on/-en/-önkinminezenazonrajta(rajta-)c
ade.-nál / -nélkinélminélennélannálnála–c
ill.-ba / -bekibemibeebbeabbabelebele-c
sub.-ra / -rekiremireerrearrarárá-c
all.-hoz/-hez/-hözkihezmihezehhezahhozhozzáhozzá-c
el.-ból / -bőlkibőlmibőlebbőlabbólbelőle–c
del.-ról / -rőlkirőlmirőlerrőlarrólróla–c
abl.-tól / -tőlkitőlmitőlettőlattóltőle–c
*: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be
construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All »

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [nɛk]
  • Rhymes: -ɛk

Etymology 1

See -nak.

Suffix

-nek

  1. (case suffix) to, for. Used to form the dative case.
    gyerek (“child”) → Vettem egy játékot a gyereknek. ― I bought a toy for the child.
    1. 's, of. Used to form the possessive from the noun of the possessor, along with the ending -a/-e/-ja/-je added to the possession. Often omitted if the act of possession is not the predicate of the sentence.
    2. indicates the second, predicative complement of several verbs, e.g. those with a sense like call, name, find, deem, judge (appellation or appraisal)
    3. as, for (in the function or role specified)
    4. Concessive sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -ni.
      Szépnek szép, de nem valami hasznos. ― Pretty as it may be, but there's not much use of it.

For more usage examples, see -nak.

Usage notes
   Hungarian case suffixes
Case Back vowel
a, á, o, ó, u, ú		 Front vowel
unrounded
e, é, i, í		 rounded
ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative —
accusative -t
-ot / -at -et -öt
dative -nak -nek
instrumental -val -vel
causal-final -ért
translative -vá -vé
terminative -ig
essive-formal -ként
essive-modal -ul -ül
inessive -ban -ben
superessive -n
-on -en -ön
adessive -nál -nél
illative -ba -be
sublative -ra -re
allative -hoz -hez -höz
elative -ból -ből
delative -ról -ről
ablative -tól -től
Note for all endings:
Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként.
    alma — almában, but almaként
    zene ― zenében, but zeneként
  • (case suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -nak is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
    házigazda (“host”) → Ajándékot hoztunk a házigazdának. ― We brought gifts for the host.
    -nek is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
    gyerek (“child”) → Vettem egy játékot a gyereknek. ― I bought a toy for the child.
    körte (“pear”) → A körtének jó íze van. ― The pear tastes good. (Literally, “to the pear there is a good flavor”.)

See also

Etymology 2

See -nak.

Suffix

-nek

  1. (personal suffix) third-person plural and formal second-person plural present tense (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation)
    énekel (“sing”) → énekelnek (“they sing, they are singing; (formal) you sing, you are singing”)
Usage notes
    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
Person Back
    vowel    		 Front vowel
unrounded   rounded  
én 1st person singular -ok -ek -ök
-ik verbs (optional) -om -em -öm
te 2nd person singular -sz
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -asz -esz
after s, sz, z, dz -ol -el -öl
ő
maga
ön		 3rd person singular –
-ik verbs -ik
mi 1st person plural -unk -ünk
ti 2nd person plural -tok -tek -tök
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -otok -etek -ötök
ők
maguk
önök		 3rd person plural -nak -nek
after two consonants or a long vowel + t -anak -enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and
second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.
  • (personal suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -nak is added to back-vowel verbs
    tanul (“study”) → A gyerekek nem tanulnak eleget. – The children are not studying enough.
    -nek is added to front-vowel verbs
    énekel (“sing”) → A madarak énekelnek. – The birds are singing.
    -anak is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    tanít (“teach”) → Mire tanítanak minket az állatok? – What do animals teach us?
    -enek is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
    fest (“paint”) → A gyerekek festenek. – The children are painting.

Etymology 3

See -nok.

Suffix

-nek

  1. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a word to form the name of an occupation.
    eretnek (“heretic”)
Usage notes
  • (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
    -nok is added to back-vowel words
    dal (“song”) → dalnok (“singer”)
    -nek is added to unrounded front-vowel words
    eretnek (“heretic”)
    -nök is added to rounded and some unrounded front-vowel words
    ügy (“matter”) → ügynök (“agent”)
    mér (“to measure”) → mérnök (“engineer”)
Derived terms
Hungarian nouns suffixed with -nek

See also
  • Category:Hungarian terms taking -nak/-nek
  • Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
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