< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-rъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-rós. Unlike the Indo-European suffix, the Slavic one could be attached to any-grade (0-, e-, or o-) stems.

Suffix

*-rъ

  1. From intransitive verbs or basic 0-grade stems, forms adjectives
    Synonym: *-lъ
    *bъdrъ (“awake”) ← *bъděti (“to be conscious, to look over”)
    *rъdrъ (“red, rusty”) ← *rъděti (“to rust”)
    *starъ (“old”) ← *stati (“to stay, to stand”)
    *pьstrъ (“colourful”) < earlier *pьsrъ ← *pьsati (“to draw, to paint”)
    *sporъ (“abundant”) < earlier *sp(ə)rъ ← *spěti (“to advance, to succeed”)
    *xytrъ (“cunning, clever”) ← *xvatаti (“to catch, to grasp, to gulp”)
    *bystrъ (“transparent, rapid”) < earlier *bysrъ ← Pre-Slavic *bʰuHs- (“stormy, blowing”)
    *ostrъ (“sharp”) < earlier *osrъ ← Pre-Slavic *h₂ḱ- (“acute, sharp”)
  2. From o-grade stems, forms adjectives
    *dobrъ (“good”) ← *dobъ (“suitable time”)
    *mokrъ (“wet”) ← *močь (“moisture”)
    *motrъ (“focused, accurate”) ← *motati (“to revolve”)
    *mǫdrъ (“wise”) ← **mǫdъ (“on one's mind”) ← *mьněti (“to think, to form opinion”) +‎ *-dъ (“locative particle”)
  3. From e-grade stems, forms adjectives (rare)
    *vedrъ (“fair, clear”) ← **vedъ (“clear weather”) ←*věti (“to blow, to wind”) +‎ *-dъ (“locative particle”)
    *ędrъ (“large”) ← **ędъ (“mass, distribution”) ←*ęti (“to take, to have”) +‎ *-dъ (“locative particle”)

Declension
Indefinite declension of *-rъ (hard)
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-rъ *-ra *-ro
Accusative *-rъ *-rǫ *-ro
Genitive *-ra *-ry *-ra
Locative *-rě *-rě *-rě
Dative *-ru *-rě *-ru
Instrumental *-romь *-rojǫ *-romь
Vocative *-re *-ro *-ro
Dual Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-ra *-rě *-rě
Accusative *-ra *-rě *-rě
Genitive *-ru *-ru *-ru
Locative *-ru *-ru *-ru
Dative *-roma *-rama *-roma
Instrumental *-roma *-rama *-roma
Vocative *-ra *-rě *-rě
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-ri *-ry *-ra
Accusative *-ry *-ry *-ra
Genitive *-rъ *-rъ *-rъ
Locative *-rěxъ *-raxъ *-rěxъ
Dative *-romъ *-ramъ *-romъ
Instrumental *-ry *-rami *-ry
Vocative *-ri *-ry *-ra
Definite declension of *-rъ (hard)
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-rъjь *-raja *-roje
Accusative *-rъjь *-rǫjǫ *-roje
Genitive *-rajego *-ryję *-rajego
Locative *-rějemь *-rěji *-rějemь
Dative *-rujemu *-rěji *-rujemu
Instrumental *-ryjimi *-rǫjǫ *-ryjimi
Vocative *-rъjь *-raja *-roje
Dual Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-raja *-rěji *-rěji
Accusative *-raja *-rěji *-rěji
Genitive *-ruju *-ruju *-ruju
Locative *-ruju *-ruju *-ruju
Dative *-ryjima *-ryjima *-ryjima
Instrumental *-ryjima *-ryjima *-ryjima
Vocative *-raja *-rěji *-rěji
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-riji *-ryję *-raja
Accusative *-ryję *-ryję *-raja
Genitive *-rъjixъ *-rъjixъ *-rъjixъ
Locative *-ryjixъ *-ryjixъ *-ryjixъ
Dative *-ryjimъ *-ryjimъ *-ryjimъ
Instrumental *-ryjimi *-ryjimi *-ryjimi
Vocative *-riji *-ryję *-raja

Derived suffixes
  • *-rъ m, *-ra f, *-ro n (noun-forming)
  • *-erъ/*-ěrъ m, *-ara f (noun-forming, usually agents (particularly masculine animals) or instruments)
  • *-yrъ m, *-yra f (noun-forming, usually tool)

Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Slavic_words_suffixed_with_*-r%D1%8A' title='Category:Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-rъ'>Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-rъ</a>
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