達
See also: 达
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Translingual
Han character
達 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜土廿手 (YGTQ), four-corner 34304, composition ⿺辶𦍒)
References
- KangXi: page 1262, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39011
- Dae Jaweon: page 1755, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3855, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9054
Chinese
| trad. | 達 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 达* | |
| alternative forms | 𨔬 逹 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (羍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰaːd, *daːd) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 羍 (OC *tʰaːd).
Note that inner component is not 幸 – these are not related, and there is an extra stroke in 達 (two horizontal strokes at the bottom, not one).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dat (“live; alive”). Cognate with Tibetan སྡོད (sdod, “to stay; to sit; to live”) and Proto-Lolo-Burmese *dat (“alive”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
達
- (literary, or in compounds) to lead to; to go to
- (literary, or in compounds) to reach; to arrive at
- to achieve; to attain
- (literary, or in compounds) to thoroughly understand; to understand
- (literary, or in compounds) to express; to convey
- (literary, or in compounds) current; general; common
- (literary, or in compounds) optimistic; philosophical
- (literary, or in compounds) illustrious; influential; intelligent
- (literary, or in compounds) everywhere; all over
- (literary, or in compounds) onomatopoeia for the collision of objects
- (Dungan) father
- 15th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "reach" (𝌔)
- (～縣) Da County (modern-day Dachuan District in Dazhou, Sichuan)
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to reach):
Synonyms of 達
- (to express):
Synonyms of 達
- (illustrious):
- (father):
Dialectal synonyms of 爸爸 (“dad”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 爸爸 (“father (non-face-to-face)”) [map]
Antonyms
- (to understand):
Compounds
Derived terms from 達
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Pronunciation 2
Pronunciation 3
Goguryeo
Etymology
Possibly related to Middle Korean ᄯᅡᇂ〮 (stáh).[1]
References
- Lim, Byung-joon (1999) (A) Study on the borrowed writings of the dialect of Koguryo Dynasty in Ancient Korean (MA), Konkuk University
- Lim, Byung-joon (1999) (A) Study on the borrowed writings of the dialect of Koguryo Dynasty in Ancient Korean (MA), Konkuk University
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 達 | |
| Kyūjitai [1][2][3] |
達󠄁 達+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) |
 |
| 達󠄃 達+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Readings
- Go-on: だち (dachi); たち (tachi)
- Kan-on: たつ (tatsu, Jōyō)
- Kun: たち (tachi, 達); とおる (tōru, 達る); とおす (tōsu, 達す)
- Nanori: いたる (itaru); かつ (katsu); さと (sato); さとし (satoshi); さとる (satoru); しげ (shige); すすむ (susumu); とお (tō); のぶ (nobu); ひろ (hiro); みち (michi); ただ (tada); たて (tate); て (te); てつ (tetsu); とおる (tōru); よし (yoshi)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 達 |
| たち Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 達 |
| だち > たち Grade: 4 |
| goon |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[4] The tachi reading is analyzed by some references[5] as kun'yomi or a native-Japanese reading. Alternatively, this has been understood as a shift from the goon reading of dachi.
Beyond Japanese, apparently related to Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆶ〮 (tólh, pluralizing particle) > Korean 들 (-deul, pluralizing particle), perhaps reflecting Old Korean */tatVk/ (Vovin 2010, p. 120), and thus not actually of Chinese origin. However, probably phonologically reinforced by the Sino-Japanese reading of Middle Chinese 達 (MC tʰɑt̚, dɑt̚).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ta̠t͡ɕi]
Suffix
達 • (-tachi)
- plural marker
- 子供、子供達、俺、俺達
- kodomo, kodomotachi, ore, oretachi
- child, children, I, we
- 1994 March 25, Ragawa, Marimo, “赤ちゃんと僕 第33話 [Baby & Me: Chapter 33]”, in 赤ちゃんと僕 [Baby & Me], volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 27:
- この鳥達だって邪魔じゃないか
- Kono tori-tachi datte jama ja nai ka
- But aren’t these birds a bit of a hindrance?
- この鳥達だって邪魔じゃないか
- 子供、子供達、俺、俺達
- attached to the name of the representative of a group to refer to that whole group
- 杏子ちゃんたち
- Kyōko-chan-tachi
- Kyōko-chan and her friend(s)
- ママたち
- mama-tachi
- mommy and her friend(s)
- 2004 April 7, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “第８話 ロックオン [Chapter 8: Lock On]”, in 武装錬金 [Armed Alchemy], volume 2, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 23:
- 六舛達集めて先に玄関で待っててくれ
- Rokumasu-tachi ayamete saki ni genkan de matte tekure
- Go get Rokumasu and the others and wait for me at the entrance, will you?
- 六舛達集めて先に玄関で待っててくれ
- 杏子ちゃんたち
- (archaic, possibly obsolete) honorific suffix
Usage notes
Note that tachi only clarifies that the number of people in question is more than one. It could be omitted when the plurality is already clear by context or considered negligible. The plurality marked with tachi is not syntactic. Tachi is normally used only for people.
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 達 |
| たつ > たっ Grade: 4 |
| on’yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 達 – see the following entry. | ||
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| (This term, 達, is an alternative (in official documents) spelling of the above term.) |
References
- “達”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
- 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 2122 (paper), page 1113 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
- 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1224 (paper), page 625 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 19, poem 4240), text here
- Jim Breen's WWWJDIC, 達 character entry here
Vietnamese
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