丂

丂	U+4E02, 丂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E02

← 丁
[U+4E01]

CJK Unified Ideographs

七 →
[U+4E03]

Translingual

Han character

丂 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 一女尸 (MVS), four-corner 1020₇, composition ⿱一㇉)

Derived characters

𫢆, 𭂆, 𫩐, 巧, 𫹫, 𢩨, 汅, 𨸑, 朽, 㱙, 𭭿, 𦘰, 䀎, 𥝑, 𦔲, 𧢵, 𬵁, 𪋽, 𪐚, 𫨲, 𫻦, 攷
亐, 𠀅, 亏, 兮, 𠔃, 号, 䒓, 𠂞, 𬔖, 𠂠, 甹, 𥀿, 𠡐, 𧖨, 𠫫, 㕺, 粤, 粵, 𦻏, 㽲, 亟, 函
𠄃, 𠄄, 𠄊, 𠄋, 𠄚

Descendants

ㄎ
ㆶ

References

KangXi: page 75, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 4, character 1
Unihan data for U+4E02

Chinese

simp. and trad.		丂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丂

Shang

Western Zhou

Spring and Autumn

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Liushutong (compiled in Ming)

Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)

Oracle bone script

Bronze inscriptions

Small seal script

Transcribed ancient scripts

Ming typeface

**Oracle bone script**
j11554	j11555

**Bronze inscriptions**
b07078	b07079	b07080	b07081	b07082	b07083	b07084	b07085
b07086

**Small seal script**
s03499

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (丂) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
丂	*kʰluːʔ
攷	*kʰluːʔ
考	*kʰluːʔ
烤	*kʰluːʔ
拷	*kʰluːʔ
栲	*kʰluːʔ
洘	*kʰluːʔ
銬	*kʰluːs
巧	kʰruːʔ, kʰruːs
朽	*qʰluʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǎo (kao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haau²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kháu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǎo
  - Wade–Giles: kʻao³
  - Yale: kǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kao
  - Palladius: као (kao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haau²
  - Yale: háau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hao²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːu̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kháu
  - Hakka Romanization System: kau`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kau³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰau̯³¹/

Middle Chinese: /kʰɑuX/

Rime
Character	丂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦浩切
Baxter	khawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaw^X/
Li Rong	/kʰɑu^X/
Wang Li	/kʰɑu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hou²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰˤuʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ khaw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰˁuʔ/ (Shuōwén; no pre-Qín exx.)
English	to sob
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丂
Reading #	1/1
No.	7402
Phonetic component	丂
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	考
Old Chinese	/*kʰluːʔ/
Notes	古文考

Definitions

丂

^‡ the look of air which is to be released

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 丂 – see 于. (This character, 丂, is an ancient variant form of 于.)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 丂 – see 考 (“to examine; to check; to study; to investigate; etc.”). (This character, 丂, is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 考.)

References

Japanese

Kanji

丂

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

obstruction of breath

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: さまたげられる (samatagerareru, 丂げられる)

Korean

Hanja

丂 (eumhun 공교할 교 (gonggyohal gyo))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Readings

âm: khảo, xảo
nghĩa: khảo, xảo quyệt

巧譎 (xảo quyệt, cunning, artful)

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