See also: and
U+661F, 星
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-661F

[U+661E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6620]

Translingual

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 72, +5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日竹手一 (AHQM), four-corner 60104, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 492, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13837
  • Dae Jaweon: page 855, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1500, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+661F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
 

𠻖
𤯢

𤾪

𠻖
𤯢

𤾪
𤽛
𰣀
𭥕

Glyph origin

Simplified from (xīng) ( (jīng)), which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sleːŋ) : semantic (twinkling stars) + phonetic (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

Etymology 1

Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *s-tsʰˤeŋ, which can be analysed as a verbal root *tsʰˤeŋ (bright) with a prefix *s-. This reconstruction accounts for the Min initial *tsh- and the use of the character to write the word (OC *N-tsʰeŋ).

Possibly related to (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear”) (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), in turn from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (clear; pure; clean).

Proto-Kiranti *saŋ (star) either develops from a parallel Sino-Tibetan root (Schuessler, 2007) or derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kar (star) (STEDT).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • sing1 - literary;
  • seng1 - vernacular (uncommon).
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: lhiang1-4, lhen1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiaŋ³³⁻²¹/, /ɬen³³/
Note:
  • lhiang1-4 - vernacular;
  • lhen1 - literary.
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: xiang1 / xin1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiaŋ⁴²/, /ɕin⁴²/
Note:
  • xiang1 - vernacular;
  • xin1 - literary.
Note:
  • xing1 - literary;
  • xi1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 星宿 (xīngxiù)).
Note:
  • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ/seⁿ - vernacular;
  • san - vernacular (limited, e.g. 零星 (língxīng));
  • seng - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ɕiŋ²¹/
Jinan /ɕiŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /siŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /siŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiŋ²¹/
Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sin³¹/
Hefei /ɕin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕi¹¹/ ~宿
/ɕiəŋ¹¹/ 五~
Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
/sei¹³/ 掃帚~
Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/ 星~
/ɕi³¹/ 河~~
Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
Wenzhou /seŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /sɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /din³³/
Xiangtan /sian³³/
/sin³³/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiɑŋ⁴²/
/ɕin⁴²/ ~子縣
Hakka Meixian /sen⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /seŋ⁵³/
Nanning /ɬɛŋ⁵⁵/
/ɬeŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /siŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /saiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰẽ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /seŋ²³/
/sɛ²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (16)
Final () (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/seŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/seŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/sɛŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/sɛjŋ/
Li
Rong
/seŋ/
Wang
Li
/sieŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/sieŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sing1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xīng
Middle
Chinese
‹ seng ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-tsʰˁeŋ/
English star

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11371
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sleːŋ/
Notes

Definitions

Five-pointed star shape
  1. star; planet; heavenly body (Classifier: m;  c mn)
    星星   xīngxing   star
       héngxīng   (fixed) star
  2. star-shaped object
  3. star; celebrity
       míngxīng   bright star; celebrity
  4. weight marks on a steelyard
  5. a bit; a tiny bit
  6. tiny; minute
  7. whitish; white
  8. numerous and scattered everywhere; countless
  9. rapid; flying
  10. Synonym of 碰鈴碰铃 (pènglíng).
  11. (dated or informal) Short for 星加坡 (Xīngjiāpō, “Singapore”).
    馬泰马泰   Xīng Mǎ Tài   Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand
  12. a surname: Xing
Synonyms
  • (star):

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (せい) (sei)
  • Korean: 성(星) (seong)
  • Vietnamese: tinh ()

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. transliteration of Indian name Singh

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
ほし
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

/posi//ɸoɕi//hoɕi/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

(ほし) (hoshi) 

  1. a star (luminous celestial body)
    Synonym: 恒星 (kōsei)
  2. a star (concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, especially used as a symbol to rate quality)
  3. (tarot) the Star
  4. (loosely) a celestial body
    Synonym: 天体 (tentai)
  5. (by extension of a star's movement) time, years
  6. (sumo) a round mark indicating a victory or defeat in a bout
  7. a 家紋 (kamon, family crest) with various representations of stars
  8. a star (actor in a leading role)
  9. an objective
    Synonym: 目星 (meboshi)
  10. a kagura song sung at the end of a 御神楽 (mikagura)
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:星.

Derived terms
See also

Proper noun

(ほし) (Hoshi) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
せい
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese (MC seŋ).

The Singapore sense derives from the pre-World War Two kanji spelling 星加坡 (modern kanji spelling 新加坡) as borrowed from Chinese, itself a transliteration of Malay Singapura.

Pronunciation

  • Note: the pitch accent for the suffix is determined by the entire term.

Proper noun

(せい) (Sei) 

  1. one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions in the Chinese system of constellations
  2. Short for シンガポール (Shingapōru): Singapore

Suffix

(せい) (-sei) 

  1. (loosely, especially fiction) attached to names of planets
    • 1996 February 20 [Feb 15 1988], Adachi, Mitsuru, “なにがなんだか 前編 [What’s What: First Chapter]”, in SHORT PROGRAM(ショート・プログラム) [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 1 (fiction), 25th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 256:
      ——あ、わたくしマキシムAGFです。リプトン(せい)からやってまいりました。()(きゅう)(さむ)さにおどろいてます。どぞよろしく。
      ——A, watakushi Makishimu Ējīefu desu. Riputon-sei kara yatte mairimashita. Chikyū no samusa ni odoroitemasu. Dozo yoroshiku.
      ——Oh, my name is Maxim AGF. I came here from planet Lipton. I’m still taken aback by Earth’s coldness. It is a pleasure to meet all of you.
Derived terms

Affix

(せい) (sei) 

  1. star, celestial body, (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  2. passing of time
  3. star, celebrity
Derived terms

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC seŋ).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448셔ᇰ (Yale: syèng)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527별〯 (Yale: pyěl)셔ᇰ (Yale: syèng)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun (byeol seong))

  1. Hanja form? of (star; planet).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *pəsi.

Noun

(posi) (kana ほし)

  1. a star

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:星.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Japanese: (hoshi)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: tinh, tình

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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