關

See also: 関 and 关
關 U+95DC, 關
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95DC
← 闛
[U+95DB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 闝 →
[U+95DD]

Translingual
Traditional 關
Shinjitai 関
Simplified 关

Han character

關 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 日弓女戈廿 (ANVIT), four-corner 77772, composition ⿵門𢇇)

Derived characters
  • 𡅭, 𡤡, 𢺄, 𣠸

References
  • KangXi: page 1341, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41470
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1845, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4316, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+95DC

Chinese
trad. 關
simp. 关*
alternative forms
 
関
𨶚
𢇅
𬮦 Singapore simp.
闗
関
𨶚
𢇅
𬮦 Singapore simp.
闗
閞／𫔰

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (卵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卵 *ɡ·roːlʔ, *ɡ·roːnʔ
關 *kroːn
関 *kroːn
聯 *ɡ·ron

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːn) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 𢇅 () – to stop the door from opening with a wooden stick.

The bronze inscription was in the form of 門 (“door”) + 卝 (“door closed”). 卝 might also serve as a phonetic component.

Etymology 1

Compare Proto-Southwestern Tai *klɔːnᴬ² (“latch of door; rafter”), whence Thai กลอน (glɔɔn) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • guŏng - vernacular;
  • guăng - literary.
Note:
  • koaiⁿ/kuiⁿ/koaⁿ/koeⁿ - vernacular;
  • koan - literary (incl. surname).
Note:
  • guên1 - vernacular;
  • guêng1 - literary (Chaozhou);
  • guang1 - literary (Shantou, Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang).
Rime
Character 關
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 刪 (70)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古還切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠuan/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷᵚan/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwaɨn/
Li
Rong		 /kuan/
Wang
Li		 /kwan/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwan/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gwaan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 關 關 關
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 guān guān guān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwæn › ‹ kwæn › ‹ kwæn ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˁro[n]/ /*[k]ˁro[n]/ /*kˁro[n]/
English barrier 關關 kwæn.kwæn [bird’s cry] 間關 sound of a chariot"s linchpin (Ode 218.1)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 關
Reading # 1/1
No. 8640
Phonetic
component		 卵
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 關
Old
Chinese		 /*kroːn/

Definitions

關

  1. to close; to shut
    關窗子／关窗子  ―  guān chuāngzi  ―  close the window
    他在聖誕節時關了店鋪。 [MSC, trad.]
    他在圣诞节时关了店铺。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zài shèngdànjié shí guān le diànpù. [Pinyin]
    He shut up his shop at Christmas.
    Antonym: 開／开 (kāi)
  2. to lock up; to detain
    那囚犯被關在單人牢房內。 [MSC, trad.]
    那囚犯被关在单人牢房内。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nà qiúfàn bèi guān zài dānrén láofáng nèi. [Pinyin]
    The prisoner was locked in a cell.
  3. to turn off; to switch off
    關電燈／关电灯  ―  guān diàndēng  ―  to switch the light off
  4. (literary) to go through; to pass
  5. to concern; to implicate; to relate to
    這不關我的事。／这不关我的事。  ―  Zhè bù guān wǒ de shì.  ―  It does not concern me.
  6. frontier pass; border control; checkpoint (controlled passage)
    海關／海关  ―  hǎiguān  ―  customs (literally, "maritime checkpoint")
    過關／过关  ―  guòguān  ―  to break through a pass; to go through border control
  7. (video games) Short for 關卡／关卡 (guānqiǎ, “level”).
  8. relation (family/contacts)
  9. a surname
    關羽／关羽  ―  Guān Yǔ  ―  Guan Yu (Chinese general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 關 (“to close (a door, gate, etc.)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 關, 閉
Mandarin Taiwan 關
Wanrong 關
Xi'an 關
Yinchuan 關
Wuhan 關
Malaysia 關
Singapore 關
Cantonese Guangzhou 閂
Hong Kong 閂
Taishan 閂
Singapore (Guangfu) 閂
Gan Nanchang 關
Pingxiang 關
Hakka Meixian 關
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 關
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 關
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 關
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 關
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 關
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 關
Min Dong Fuzhou 關
Min Nan Taipei 關
New Taipei (Sanxia) 關
Kaohsiung 關
Yilan 關
Changhua (Lukang) 關
Taichung 關
Tainan 關
Hsinchu 關
Kinmen 關
Penghu (Magong) 關
Penang (Hokkien) 崁
Singapore (Hokkien) 關
Shantou 關
Singapore (Teochew) 關
Singapore (Hainanese) 關
  • (to turn off):
    • (Cantonese, Hakka) 閂／闩
    • (Cantonese) 熄 (sik1)
    • (Singapore Hokkien, Penang Hokkien) 崁 (khàm)
  • (frontier pass): 關口／关口 (guānkǒu)

Compounds
Derived terms from 關

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (關):
  • → Japanese: 関(かん) (kan)
  • → Korean: 관(關) (gwan)
  • → Vietnamese: quan (關)

Pronunciation

Definitions

關

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 彎／弯 (wān, “to draw a bow”).

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

 関

Kyūjitai

 關

Kanji
關

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 関)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 関

Readings

Proper noun
Kanji in this term
關
せき
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

關(せき) • (Seki) 

  1. a surname

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 關 (MC kˠuan). Recorded as Middle Korean 관 (kwan) (Yale: kwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 關 (eumhun 빗장 관 (bitjang gwan))

  1. Hanja form? of 관 (“relation; barrier”).

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 2

Related to Middle Chinese 彎 (MC ʔˠuan).

Hanja

關 (eumhun 당길 완 (danggil wan))

  1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 彎 (“Hanja form? of 완 (“stretching a bow; to draw a bow”).”)

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

關: Hán Nôm readings: quan

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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