-na

• -em (Tosk)
• -rë (Tosk)

Related to unë (“I”) and (probably) further to ne (“we”).

The Gheg personal suffix -na (“I, me”) indicates:

• 1st person singular, indicative, present, mediopassive voice; bâh[na] → “[I] become”.
• 1st person singular, indicative, aorist, active voice for verbs like bâj (“I do, make”) → aorist bô[na] → “[I] did”. Otherwise suffix -va (“-ed”) is used.

In Tosk (and Standard Albanian)

• -em (“I, me”) is used for 1st person singular, indicative, present, mediopassive voice (not -na as in Gheg);
• -ra is used for 1st person singular, indicative, aorist, active voice for verb bëj (“I do, make”) → aorist bë[ra] → “[I] did”. The n → r shift from Gheg to Tosk is due to rhotacism. Otherwise -va is used.

See bëj (“I do, make”) for more.

• IPA^(key): /na/ (Gheg)

-na

1. (personal suffix) used to form the 1st person singular present tense of verbs in mediopassive voice (indicative mood).
2. Forms verbs in mediopassive voice from active voice

   • active bâj (“I do, make”) + h (mediopassive marker) + -na → mediopassive bâh[na] (“[I] become, turn into”)

   (Tosk and Standard Albanian variant: bëj → bëh[em])

   • active aorist bôna (“I did, made”) → mediopassive aorist u + bôna (“I became, turned into”)

   (Tosk/Standard: bëra → u bëra)

   • active zbeh (“I make white(r), pale(r)”) + -na → mediopassive zbeh[na] (“[I]'m getting pale(r), white(r)”)

   (Tosk/Standard: zbeh → zbeh[em])

   • active aorist zbeva (“I made pale(r)”) → mediopassive aorist u + zbeva (“I got pale(r)”)

3. Forms mediopassive verbs from adjectives

   • adjective shkurt (“short”) + o- (vowel stem) + h (mediopassive marker) + -na → mediopassive verb shkurtoh[na] (“[I] become short(er)”)

   (Tosk/Standard: shkurtoj → shkurtoh[em])

   • active aorist shkurtova (“I shortned”) → mediopassive aorist u + shurtova (“I became shorter”)

   (Tosk/Standard: shkurtova → u + shkurtova)

-na

1. possessive marker

-na

1. third person plural patient marker

• Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398

• IPA^(key): [ˈna]

-na f

1. from nouns forms nouns referring to places

   ‎prodej + ‎-na → ‎prodejna

• -na in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

-na

1. Forms the essive case.

• The suffix is appended to the genitive stem or an appropriate plural stem.

From Proto-Finnic *-na, from the Proto-Uralic locative case ending *-na.

-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä)

1. Forms the essive case.

   eräänä kauniina aamuna ― on a beautiful morning

   Ennen pidit minua kauniina.

   You used to think I was beautiful.

• The suffix is appended to the same stem as the illative suffixes, and also the partitive singular often uses the same stem.

From Proto-Finnic *-na, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-na.

-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä)

1. Forms action nouns from certain verbs, mainly related to sound, whose first infinitive ends in -sta.

   ‎kutista (“to itch”) + ‎-na → ‎kutina (“itching”)

2. Forms some diminutive nouns.

• -ina (reanalyzed into its own suffix)

• -an

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-na

1. (inflectional suffix) forms the dative case
2. reason

   Maina na·a rel gariko sraprikjaha?

   For what reason did you not catch the train?

• -ni (“forms genitive”)
• -ko (“forms accusative”)
• -chi (“forms instrumental”)
• -no (“forms locative”)

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na

1. a locative suffix

   hama (“3rd person masculine singular proximal pronoun”) → hamana (“here”)

   bee (“3rd person feminine plural given pronoun”) → beena (“there”)

   himiggê (“3rd person masculine singular invisible pronoun”) → himiggêna (“in/behind there”)

From Proto-Polynesian *-ŋa.

• IPA^(key): /-na/, [-nə]

-na

1. Common nominalizing suffix, sometimes with shortening of a long vowel in the base.

   ʻai → ʻaina

   piʻi → piʻina

• IPA^(key): [nɒ]

-na

1. (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).

   olvas (“to read”) → olvasna (“he/she would read”)

• (personal suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -na is added to most back vowel verbs

  vár (“to wait”) → várna (“he/she would wait”)

  -ne is added to most front vowel verbs

  kér (“to ask”) → kérne (“he/she would ask”)

  -ana is added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t (exceptions áll, száll, varr, forr, lát)

  mond (“to say something”) → mondana (“he/she would say something”)

  tanít (“to teach”) → tanítana (“he/she would teach”)

  -ene is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t

  fest (“to paint”) → festene (“he/she would paint”)

  segít (“to help”) → segítene (“he/she would help”)

• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

• IPA^(key): /nˠə/

-na

1. Alternative form of -ne (used after velarized consonants and back vowels)

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “-na”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

-na

1. third person singular genitive enclitic

-na

1. third person singular subject enclitic
2. third person singular possessive enclitic

-na

1. Latin spelling of -ნა (-na)

• -nna

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nia, from Proto-Austronesian *nia.

• IPA^(key): [na]

-na (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨊ)

1. his, her, its, their (third person singular and plural)

From Arabic ـنَا‎ (-nā).

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na m or f

1. 1st-person plural pronominal suffix: our; us

   Synonym: tagħna

   ‎jinsa (“he forgets”) + ‎-na → ‎jinsiena (“he forgets us”)

   ‎dar (“home”) + ‎-na → ‎darna (“our home”)

-na

1. Used in contractions with particles of possession of third person pronouns.
2. a passive ending

• IPA^(key): [na]

-na

1. Classifier for trees.

-na

1. Alternative form of -a

• Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎, Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), pages 197, 134

From Proto-Germanic *-inōną.

-na

1. Used to form inchoative verbs from adjectives

From Proto-Germanic *-anǫ̂ and *-ōnǫ̂, genitive plural endings of weak neuter and feminine nouns.

-na

1. Used to form the genitive plural of some weak feminine and neuter nouns

   hjarta → hjartna

   saga → sagna

-na

1. inflection of -inn (adjective suffix):
   1. positive degree strong feminine accusative singular
   2. positive degree strong masculine accusative plural
   3. positive degree weak masculine oblique singular
   4. positive degree weak feminine nominative singular
   5. positive degree weak neuter singular
2. inflection of -inn (participle suffix):
   1. strong feminine accusative singular
   2. strong masculine accusative plural
   3. weak masculine oblique singular
   4. weak feminine nominative singular
   5. weak neuter singular
3. inflection of -inn (definite article suffix):
   1. feminine accusative singular
   2. masculine accusative plural

Derived from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

-na f

1. Forms feminine adjective-like nouns

Inherited from Old Polish -na, from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

• IPA^(key): /na/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: na
• Homophone: na

-na f

1. Forms feminine adjective-like nouns -ess

   ‎arcyksiążę + ‎-na → ‎arcyksiężna

   Synonym: -ka

2. Forms feminine adjective-like nouns meaning "wife of"

   ‎arcyksiążę + ‎-na → ‎arcyksiężna

   Synonym: -owa

-na

1. Nominalizer, future perfect participle.

   llamk'ay (“to work”) → llamk'ana (“tool, work to be done”)

   mikhuy (“to eat”) → mikhuna (“food, meal”)

• -spa
• -sqa

• -nae

• IPA^(key): /-nə/, /-nɪ/

-na

1. -n't

   didna ("did not")

   canna ("can not")

   daurna ("dare not")

   michtna ("might not")

From the plural of Old Norse hinn (demonstrative pronoun), suffixed to the end of the noun stem.

-na

1. Marker of definiteness on nouns in the plural (except for those of the fourth and fifth declensions).

   ‎stolar (“chairs”) + ‎-na → ‎stolarna (“the chairs”)

   Synonym: -ne (archaic, masculine)

• In earlier Swedish, the suffix -na was only used for feminine nouns, while -ne was used for masculine nouns, thus "stenarne" (definite of stenar) and "kvinnorna" (definite of kvinnor) were used alongside each other. In attempts to try to produce archaic language, the suffix is sometimes changed to -ne in all positions, producing historically incorrect forms like "kvinnorne".

From Old Norse -na, from Proto-Germanic *-naną.

-na

1. -en; Used with some adjectives or verbal stems to form inchoative verbs

   ‎trött (“tired”) + ‎-na → ‎tröttna (“to tiren, become tired”)

Inchoative verb

The suffix -na may be analysed as two morphemes (-n (inchoative verb stem) + -a (infinitive)). Traditionally the a's near the ends of the Swedish first declension verb forms have been regarded as part of the suffixes, but nowadays it is more common to see it described as part of the stems of these verbs, since all endings not beginning with an a are extinct or considered heavily archaic.

• -an, an, an-

-na

1. Singular number inflection. (See also: -ną, -nemą, -ne.)

From Proto-Oceanic *-ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-nia, from Proto-Austronesian *-nia.

• IPA^(key): /na/

-na

1. A third-person singular possessive suffix.

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365

-na

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.