Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/buŕagu

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Presumably from *buŕ-a- (“to bear a calf”) +‎ *-gu. Cognate to Proto-Mongolic *biraxu (“calf”), however Mongolic might be a loanword.

The g-sounds in the middle of Proto-Turkic words are always x (ɣ) in Proto-Mongolic: Proto-Turkic *egir- (“to twist, spin”), Proto-Mongolic *exere- (“to twist”); Proto-Turkic *kagur- (“to roast, fry”), Proto-Mongolic *kaxur- (“to roast, bake, fry”); Proto-Turkic *yegin (“nephew”), Proto-Mongolic *jexe (“grandson, nephew”); Proto-Turkic *sag- (“to milk”), Proto-Mongolic *saxa- (“to milk”); Proto-Turkic *sagrï (“croup skin, shagreen”), Proto-Mongolic *saxari (“shagreen, callus”); Proto-Turkic *bögür (“kidney(s)”), Proto-Mongolic *böxere (“kidney(s)”)...

Noun

buŕagu

calf (baby cow)

Declension

Declension of *buŕagu

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*buŕagu
Accusative	buŕagunu, buŕagunug ¹⁾
Genitive	*buŕagunuŋ
Dative	*buŕaguka
Locative	*buŕaguda
Ablative	*buŕagudan
Instrumental ²⁾	*buŕagun
Equative ²⁾	*buŕaguča

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*buŕagu-la-

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: пӑру (păru)
- → Hungarian: borjú
Common Turkic: *buzagu

Proto-Oghuz: *buzaɣu
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: buzov
    - Ottoman Turkish: بوزاغو‎ (buzağu)
      - Gagauz: buzaa
      - Turkish: buzağı
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بُزاغُو‎ (buzāɣū)
  - Chagatai: بوزاغو‎ (buzaɣu), بوزاغ‎ (buzaɣ)
    - Uzbek: buzoq
    - Uyghur: موزاي‎ (mozay)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: بوزاو‎ (buzaw)
  - Mamluk-Kipchak: بوزاغو‎ (buzaɣu), بوزاو‎ (buzawu)
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: быҙау (bıðaw)
    - Tatar: бозау (bozaw)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Karachay-Balkar: бузоу (buzou)
    - Krymchak: бузов
    - Kumyk: бузав (buzaw)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Kazakh: бұзау (būzau)
      - Karakalpak: бузаў, buzaw
      - Nogai: бузав (buzav)
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      - Kyrgyz: музоо (muzoo)
      - Southern Altai: бозу (bozu)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆‎ (b¹uzǧu /buzaɣu/)
  - Old Uyghur: pwz՚γw (buzaɣu)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: бызаа (bızaa)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: пызо (pızo)
→? Proto-Mongolic: *biraxu


Animals in Proto-Turkic
Dog	dog: *it	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulum	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *saŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Fish	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*bi̯ŏ́ŕu”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972), “buza:ğu:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 391

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