他人

Chinese

		he; him; other	man; person; people
trad. (他人)		他	人
simp. ^#(他人)		他	人

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tārén

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄚㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taa¹ jan⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): thaⁿ-lîn / thaⁿ-jîn / tha-lîn / tha-jîn / tháⁿ-jîn

(Teochew, Peng'im): ta¹ nang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tārén
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄚㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tarén
  - Wade–Giles: tʻa¹-jên²
  - Yale: tā-rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: taren
  - Palladius: тажэнь (tažɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: taa¹ jan⁴
  - Yale: tā yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taa¹ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ta¹ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thaⁿ-lîn
  - Tâi-lô: thann-lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvaliin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰã⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰã³³ lin²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰã⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thaⁿ-jîn
  - Tâi-lô: thann-jîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvajiin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰã⁴⁴⁻³³ ʑin²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰã⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ʑin¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tha-lîn
  - Tâi-lô: tha-lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: taliin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰa⁴⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰa³³ lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tha-jîn
  - Tâi-lô: tha-jîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tajiin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰa⁴⁴⁻³³ ʑin²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰa⁴⁴⁻²² d͡ʑin¹³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tháⁿ-jîn
  - Tâi-lô: thánn-jîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvafjiin
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡ʑin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ʑin²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ta¹ nang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tha nâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰa³³⁻²³ naŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /tʰɑ ȵiɪn/

Rime
Character	他	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	託何切	如鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑ/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑ/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑ/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰa/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/tʰɑ/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/tʰɑ/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑ/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuō	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	to¹	jan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤaj ni[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰaːl njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	他	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tā	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ tha ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/l̥ˁaj/ (E dialect: l̥ˁ- > MC th-)	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	another	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	他	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14765	10800
Phonetic component	也	人
Rime group	歌	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	佗	仁
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰaːl/	/*njin/
Notes	俗與佗通用

Noun

他人

another person; other people; others
尊重他人 ― zūnzhòng tārén ― to respect others

主使他人打架 ― zhǔshǐ tārén dǎjià ― to incite others to fight

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 別人 (“someone else; others”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		別人, 他人
Mandarin	Beijing	人家, 別人
	Taiwan	人家, 別人
	Harbin	人家
	Yantai (Muping)	人家, 別人, 旁人
	Jinan	人家, 別人, 旁人
	Luoyang	人家, 別人, 旁人
	Wanrong	人家
	Wanrong (Ronghe)	人家
	Xi'an	人家, 伢, 旁人
	Yinchuan	別, 別家
	Lanzhou	人家
	Xining	家
	Ürümqi	人家, 旁人
	Wuhan	人家, 別個
	Chengdu	人家, 別個
	Guiyang	人家, 別個
	Liuzhou	人家
	Xuzhou	人
	Yangzhou	人家, 旁人, 別人
	Nanjing	人家, 別人家, 別人
	Hefei	人家, 旁人
	Nantong	人家
	Malaysia	別人
	Singapore	人家, 別人
Cantonese	Guangzhou	人哋
	Hong Kong	人哋
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	人囉
	Macau	人哋
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	人哋
	Taishan	偌, 人偌
	Dongguan	人哋
	Yangjiang	俼
	Baise	人哋
	Qinzhou	人哋, 人家
	Beihai	人家
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	人哋
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	人哋
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	人哋
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	人哋
	Singapore (Guangfu)	人哋
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	第個
	Móng Cái	人哋
Gan	Nanchang	人家, 別個, 別人
	Lichuan	人家
	Pingxiang	人家, 別個, 別人, 別人家
Hakka	Meixian	別人, 人家
	Xingning	人家
	Huidong (Daling)	人家
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	人家
	Changting	人家
	Wuping	人家
	Wuping (Pingyu)	人家
	Liancheng	人家, 別佬儕
	Ninghua	人家
	Yudu	人家
	Ruijin	人家
	Shicheng	人家
	Shangyou (Shexi)	別佬人
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	別人, 別儕
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	別人, 別儕
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	別人, 別儕
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	別儕, 別人
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	別人, 別儕
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	別儕
	Hong Kong	人家
	Senai (Huiyang)	別人家
Huizhou	Jixi	人家, 別人家, 別個
Jin	Taiyuan	伢, 人家, 旁人
Jin	Xinzhou	伢, 人家
Min Bei	Jian'ou	別人, 兀人
Min Dong	Fuzhou	伊儂, 別儂
	Fuqing	伊儂, 別儂
	Minqing	別儂
	Matsu	別儂
Min Nan	Xiamen	別儂
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	別儂
	Quanzhou	別儂
	Shishi	別儂
	Zhangzhou	別儂
	Dongshan	別儂
	Taipei	別儂
	Kaohsiung	別儂
	Penang (Hokkien)	別儂
	Singapore (Hokkien)	別儂
	Manila (Hokkien)	別儂
	Chaozhou	別儂
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	別儂
	Haifeng	別儂
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	別儂
	Singapore (Teochew)	別儂
	Leizhou	儂阿眾
	Haikou	別儂
Min Zhong	Yanping (Wangtai)	別人
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	人哋, 人屋
Wu	Shanghai	別人家, 人家, 別人, 旁人
	Shanghai (Chongming)	別人家
	Suzhou	人家, 別人家, 別人
	Danyang	人家
	Ningbo	人家, 別人家
	Wenzhou	別儂
	Jinhua	別浪, 別人, 別個, 別人堂
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	別儂
Xiang	Changsha	別個, 人家
	Loudi	別個
	Shuangfeng	人家, 別個, 別家

Derived terms

慷他人之慨 (kāng tārén zhī kǎi)

長他人志氣，滅自己威風／长他人志气，灭自己威风 (zhǎng tārén zhìqì, miè zìjǐ wēifēng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (他人):

→ Japanese: 他(た)人(にん) (tanin)
→ Korean: 타인(他人) (tain)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
他	人
た Grade: 3	にん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

他(た)人(にん) • (tanin)

other people
stranger

Derived terms

赤(あか)の他人(たにん) (aka no tanin)

Related terms

他人事(ひとごと) (hitogoto), 他人事(たにんごと) (taningoto)

Korean

Hanja in this term
他	人

Noun

他人 • (tain) (hangeul 타인)

Hanja form^? of 타인 (“another person; other people”).

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