別

See also: 别
別 U+5225, 別
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5225
← 判
[U+5224]
CJK Unified Ideographs 刦 →
[U+5226]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order
7 strokes

別 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口尸中弓 (RSLN), four-corner 62200, composition ⿰𠮠刂)

Derived characters

  • 哵, 𡌀, 𡷘, 𢃉, 捌, 𪶃, 㭭, 𪺤, 𦛺, 𥇂, 𥒻, 𥞲, 𠣶, 𦖇, 𫊽, 𮐆, 𧧸, 𨡊, 𨧢, 𪿍, 𬩁, 𩷤
  • 𤿱, 𡋾, 莂, 𥦂, 䇷, 𨴾

References

  • KangXi: page 138, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1924
  • Dae Jaweon: page 312, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 328, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+5225

Chinese

trad. 別/别*
simp. 别*
alternative forms 𠛰
𠔁 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 別
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Qin slip script Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 冎 (“bone”) + 刂 (“knife”) – to cut up bone and flesh.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 八 (OC *preːd, “to divide; to differentiate”), 列 (OC *red), 裂 (OC *red).

Mei (2008) proposes that the intransitive sense "to leave, to part" (with voiced initial *b- in Middle Chinese) is primary and that the transitive sense "to discriminate, to discriminate" (with voiceless initial *p-) is derived from the intransitive sense with the Old Chinese causative prefix *s-, resulting in a devoicing effect: *s-b- > *s-p- > *p-; compare 黑 (OC *s-mək, “black”) from 墨 (OC *mək, “ink”). On the other hand, Sagart and Baxter (2012) consider the intransitive sense to be derived from the transitive sense (*pret) by prefixation of *N-, resulting in a voicing effect: *N-p- > *N-b- > *b-; compare 敗 (OC *N-pˤrat-s, “to suffer defeat”) from 敗 (OC *pˤrat-s, “to defeat”).

Sense "do not" is a contraction of 不要 (bùyào).

Pronunciation


Note: bie̿ - “other”.
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: bĕk / biék / biĕk
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pɛiʔ⁵/, /piɛʔ²⁴/, /pieʔ⁵/
Note:
  • bĕk - vernacular (“other; different”);
  • biék - “to distinguish”;
  • biĕk - literary (“to leave; another”).
Note:
  • pa̍t - vernacular (“other”);
  • pat - vernacular (“to know; to be used to”, also written as 捌 (bā));
  • pia̍t - literary (“to separate; to leave; surname in Mainland”);
  • piat - literary (“to distinguish; to interpret; surname in Taiwan”).
Note:
  • biêg8 - Chaozhou;
  • biag8 - Shantou;
  • bag8 - “other”.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: 5beq; 5biq
      • Sinological IPA (key): /b̥əʔ¹²/, /b̥i̯ɪʔ¹²/
Note:
  • 5beq - vernacular;
  • 5biq - literary.

Rime
Character 別 別
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 仙 (83) 仙 (83)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 皮列切 方别切
Baxter bjet pjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/bˠiᴇt̚/ /pˠiᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/bᵚiɛt̚/ /pᵚiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/biæt̚/ /piæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/biat̚/ /piat̚/
Li
Rong
/bjɛt̚/ /pjɛt̚/
Wang
Li
/bĭɛt̚/ /pĭɛt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱi̯ɛt̚/ /pi̯ɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
bié bie
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
bit6 bit3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 別 別
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
bié bié
Middle
Chinese
‹ bjet › ‹ pjet ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-pret/ /*pret/
English be separated (intr.) separate (tr.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 別 別
Reading # 2/2 1/2
No. 821 820
Phonetic
component
别 别
Rime
group
月 月
Rime
subdivision
2 2
Corresponding
MC rime
别 䇷
Old
Chinese
/*bred/ /*pred/

Definitions

別

  1. (literary) to divide; to separate
  2. to distinguish; to differentiate; to discriminate
    區別/区别  ―  qūbié  ―  difference; to distinguish
  3. distinction; difference; contrast
    天壤之別/天壤之别  ―  tiānrǎngzhībié  ―  a world of difference
  4. group; class; kind
    性別/性别  ―  xìngbié  ―  sex; gender
    派別/派别  ―  pàibié  ―  sect
  5. to leave; to part
    永別/永别  ―  yǒngbié  ―  to part forever
    不辭而別/不辞而别  ―  bùcí'érbié  ―  to leave without saying goodbye
    久別重逢/久别重逢  ―  jiǔ bié chóngféng  ―  to meet after a long separation
  6. (literary or dialectal) to turn; to change
  7. to pin; to clip
  8. to stick something in; to bolt
  9. (Min Nan) to interpret (one's fortune); to predicate
    See also: 逼
    別籤詩/别签诗 [Hokkien]  ―  piat chhiam-si [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to interpret lottery poetry (poetry associated with fortune sticks)
  10. another; other
    別人/别人  ―  biérén  ―  other people
    你以為你還有別的選擇嗎? [MSC, trad.]
    你以为你还有别的选择吗? [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ yǐwéi nǐ hái yǒu bié de xuǎnzé ma? [Pinyin]
    You think you have other options?
  11. special; unique; peculiar; particular
    別致/别致  ―  biézhì  ―  distinctive; novel
  12. misspelled; erroneous
    別字/别字  ―  biézì  ―  incorrectly written or mispronounced character
  13. by oneself; on one's own; separately
    別樹一幟/别树一帜  ―  bié shù yī zhì  ―  to have a distinct style of one's own
  14. had better not; do not; don't
    別去!/别去!  ―  Bié qù!  ―  Don't go!
    我的事你別管。/我的事你别管。  ―  Wǒ de shì nǐ bié guǎn.  ―  Stay out of my business.
    別忘了在你的信上貼張郵票。 [MSC, trad.]
    别忘了在你的信上贴张邮票。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bié wàng le zài nǐ de xìn shàng tiē zhāng yóupiào. [Pinyin]
    Don't forget to put a stamp on your letter.
  15. particle used with 是 after it to express supposition, often an imagined unfavourable scenario
  16. a surname
Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 別 – see 彆 (“to make someone change their opinion; to dissuade”).
(This character, 別, is a variant form of 彆.)

References

Japanese

Kanji

別

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
別
べつ
Grade: 4
kan’yōon

Pronunciation

Adjective

別(べつ) • (betsu) -na (adnominal 別(べつ)な (betsu na), adverbial 別(べつ)に (betsu ni))

  1. different, separate, another
Inflection

Noun

別(べつ) • (betsu) 

  1. difference
    男女(だんじょ)の別(べつ)
    danjo no betsu
    difference between the sexes
  2. another
    別(べつ)の人(ひと)にも言(い)われた
    betsu no hito ni mo iwareta
    was told such by someone else too
  3. exception
    日本(にほん)は別(べつ)として
    Nihon wa betsu to shite
    setting aside Japan
    事実(じじつ)かどうかは別(べつ)にして
    jijitsu ka dō ka wa betsu nishite
    setting aside whether it is the truth or not

Suffix

別(べつ) • (-betsu) 

  1. separated by
    ジャンル別(べつ)の映画(えいが)
    janru-betsu no eiga
    movies by genre

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
別
べち
Grade: 4
goon

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [be̞t͡ɕi]

Adjective

別(べち) • (bechi) †-nari

  1. different, separate, another
Inflection

Noun

別(べち) • (bechi) 

  1. difference

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

別 (eumhun 다를 별 (dareul byeol))

  1. Hanja form? of 별 (“difference”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

別: Hán Nôm readings: biệt, biết, bét, bết, bệt, bịt, bẹt, bít

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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