佐

佐 U+4F50, 佐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F50
← 住
[U+4F4F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 佑 →
[U+4F51]

Translingual

Han character

佐 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人大一 (OKM), four-corner 24211, composition ⿰亻左)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 98, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 506
  • Dae Jaweon: page 207, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 130, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+4F50

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 佐
alternative forms 左
𠡃

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 佐
Transcribed ancient scripts

L36863

L23690

L23691

L23692

L23693

L23694

L23695

L23696

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (左) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
左 *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls
佐 *ʔsaːls
袏 *ʔslaːls
蹉 *sʰlaːl
瑳 *sʰlaːl, *sʰlaːlʔ
搓 *sʰlaːl
磋 *sʰlaːl
溠 *sʰlaːl, *sraːl, *ʔsraːls
傞 *sʰlaːl, *slaːl
醝 *zlaːl
瘥 *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *sʰreːls
鹺 *zlaːl
嵯 *zlaːl, *sʰral
嵳 *zlaːl
蒫 *zlaːl, *ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl
艖 *zlaːl, *sʰraːl
齹 *zlaːl, *sʰral, *zral
縒 *slaːlʔ, *sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ
褨 *slaːlʔ
嗟 *ʔsljal
差 *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral
鎈 *sʰraːl
槎 *zraːl, *zraːlʔ
髊 *zlals

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsaːls) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 左 (OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls).

Etymology

Compare 佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist; to help; to protect”).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 佐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 則箇切
Baxter tsaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡saH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sɑH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zo3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 佐
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zuǒ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsaH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tsˁarʔ-s/ (dialect: *-r > *-j)
English aid, assist

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 佐
Reading # 1/1
No. 18005
Phonetic
component		 左
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 佐
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsaːls/

Definitions

佐

  1. to assist; to aid; to second
  2. assistant; aide; subordinate

Compounds
  • 九佐
  • 佐助器
  • 佐命
  • 佐政
  • 佐敦 (Zuǒdūn)
  • 佐料 (zuǒliào)
  • 佐治
  • 佐理 (zuǒlǐ)
  • 佐膳
  • 佐餐 (zuǒcān)
  • 保佐人
  • 僚佐 (liáozuǒ)
  • 君臣佐使
  • 坊佐
  • 官佐
  • 寮佐
  • 巡佐
  • 府佐
  • 掾佐
  • 毗佐
  • 王佐之才
  • 佐書／佐书

References

Japanese

Kanji
佐

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. aid
  2. help
  3. field officer (Military)

Readings

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 佐 (MC t͡sɑH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕwa̠(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [좌(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 佐 (eumhun 도울 좌 (doul jwa))

  1. Hanja form? of 좌 (“(literary) subordinate”).
  2. Hanja form? of 좌 (“(military) commander; a field grade officer in the Korean People's Army”).
    (North Korea) 소좌 (少佐) ― Sojwa ― Junior Commander
    (North Korea) 중좌 (中佐) ― Jungjwa ― Lieutenant-Colonel; Middle Commander
    (North Korea) 상좌 (上佐) ― Sangjwa ― Colonel; High Commander
    (North Korea) 대좌 (大佐) ― Daejwa ― Senior Colonel; Brigadier; Grand Commander

Compounds
Compounds
  • 좌거 (佐車, jwageo)
  • 좌료 (佐僚, jwaryo)
  • 좌리 (佐吏, jwari)
  • 좌리 (佐理, jwari)
  • 좌막 (佐幕, jwamak)
  • 좌명 (佐命, jwamyeong)
  • 좌반, 자반 (佐飯, jwaban, jaban)
  • 좌사 (佐史, jwasa)
  • 좌융 (佐戎, jwayung)
  • 좌주 (佐酒, jwaju)
  • 좌질 (佐疾, jwajil)
  • 좌치 (佐治, jwachi)
  • 대좌 (大佐, daejwa, “senior colonel; brigadier”)
  • 보좌 (輔佐, bojwa, “assistance”)
  • 상좌 (上佐, sangjwa, “colonel”)
  • 소좌 (少佐, sojwa, “major; lieutenant commander”)
  • 속좌 (屬佐, sokjwa)
  • 장좌 (將佐, jangjwa)
  • 중좌 (中佐, jungjwa, “lieutenant colonel”)
  • 군신좌사 (君臣佐使, gunsinjwasa)

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

佐: Hán Nôm readings: tá, tớ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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