劉

See also: 刘
劉 U+5289, 劉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5289
← 劈
[U+5288]
CJK Unified Ideographs 劊 →
[U+528A]
劉 U+F9C7, 劉
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C7
← 阮
[U+F9C6]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 杻 →
[U+F9C8]

Translingual

Han character

劉 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹金中弓 (HCLN), four-corner 72100, composition ⿰𨥫刂)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

Chinese

trad. 劉
simp. 刘

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·ru) : phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 金 (“metal”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Often written as 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in the oracle bone script.

Etymology

kill, slaughter
Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Tedim Chin gou⁵³ / gɔʔ¹¹ < rouh / rɔʔ/h (Schuessler, 2007).
battle-axe
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From sense "kill, slaughter"?”)
surname
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From sense "battle-ax"? Compare 粵/越 "Yue peoples, state of Yue" from 戉 "battle-ax"”)
Two origins are recorded: from 劉累 Liú Lĕi, descendant of Emperor Yao and dragon-keeper of King Kong Jia of Xia; and from the Liu state (劉國) ruled by Duke Kang of Liu, younger brother of King Ding of Zhou.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • lâu - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • liû - literary.

Rime
Character 劉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力求切
Baxter ljuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/liu/
Shao
Rongfen
/liəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/luw/
Li
Rong
/liu/
Wang
Li
/lĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/li̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
liú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lau4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 劉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
liú
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljuw ›
Old
Chinese
/*mə-ru/
English kill; surname

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 劉
Reading # 1/1
No. 8881
Phonetic
component
卯
Rime
group
幽
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
劉
Old
Chinese
/*m·ru/

Definitions

劉

  1. (obsolete) a type of battle axe
  2. (obsolete) to kill; to slaughter
  3. (obsolete) to conquer
  4. (obsolete) to wither
  5. (~國) State of Liu during the Zhou dynasty
  6. a surname
    劉邦/刘邦  ―  Liú Bāng  ―  Liu Bang (founding emperor of the Han Dynasty)
    劉少奇/刘少奇  ―  Liú Shàoqí  ―  Liu Shaoqi (Chinese revolutionary, politician and theorist)

Compounds

See also

Descendants

  • → English: Liu, Lau
  • → Tagalog: Lao

Japanese

Kanji

劉

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. axe
  2. kill

Readings

Proper noun

Kanji in this term
劉
りゅう
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
刘 (rare)

劉(りゅう) • (Ryū) 

  1. a surname from Chinese

Korean

Hanja

Wikisource 劉 (eumhun 죽일 류 (jugil ryu), South Korea 죽일 유 (jugil yu))

  1. Hanja form? of 류/유 (“to kill”).

Vietnamese

Han character

劉: Hán Nôm readings: Lưu

  1. chữ Hán form of Lưu (“a surname from Chinese.”).
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