參加

Chinese

		ginseng; take part in; participate ginseng; take part in; participate; join; attend; to join; unequal; varied; irregular; to counsel; uneven; not uniform	to add; plus
trad. (參加)		參	加
simp. (参加)		参	加

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cānjiā

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄢㄐㄧㄚ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caam¹ gaa¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): tam¹ ga¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhâm-kâ

(Meixian, Guangdong): cam¹ ga¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chham-ka / chham-kee

(Teochew, Peng'im): cam¹ gia¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cānjiā
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄢㄐㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: canjia
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻan¹-chia¹
  - Yale: tsān-jyā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsanjia
  - Palladius: цаньцзя (canʹczja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: caam¹ gaa¹
  - Yale: chāam gā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam¹ gaa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cam¹ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵ kaː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: tam¹ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰam³³ ka³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâm-kâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: cam´ ga´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cam¹ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cam¹ ga¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam⁴⁴ ka⁴⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham-ka
  - Tâi-lô: tsham-ka
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhamkaf
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam³³ ka³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen, Singapore): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham-kee
  - Tâi-lô: tsham-kee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cam¹ gia¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsham kia
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰam³³⁻²³ kia³³/

Verb

參加

to participate; to take part; to attend
謝謝您的參加。／谢谢您的参加。 ― Xièxie nín de cānjiā. ― Thank you for participating.

請您準時參加會議。 [MSC, trad.]
请您准时参加会议。 [MSC, simp.]
Qǐng nín zhǔnshí cānjiā huìyì. [Pinyin]
Please attend meetings on time.

我參加了跑步比賽，我的腿很疼。 [MSC, trad.]
我参加了跑步比赛，我的腿很疼。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ cānjiā le pǎobù bǐsài, wǒ de tuǐ hěn téng. [Pinyin]
My legs are sore from participating in a running competition.

我們邀請了所有的親戚來參加婚禮。 [MSC, trad.]
我们邀请了所有的亲戚来参加婚礼。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒmen yāoqǐng le suǒyǒu de qīnqī lái cānjiā hūnlǐ. [Pinyin]
We invited all our relatives to the wedding.
to put forth (a point of view); to express (an opinion)
我暫時不想參加意見。 [MSC, trad.]
我暂时不想参加意见。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ zànshí bù xiǎng cānjiā yìjiàn. [Pinyin]
I do not wish to express my opinion for now.

Synonyms

(to participate):

edit

Synonyms of 參加

加入 (jiārù)
插足 (chāzú) (figurative, usually derogatory)
插身 (chāshēn) (figurative)
置身 (zhìshēn)
參入／参入 (cānrù)
參插／参插 (Min Nan)

參與／参与 (cānyù)
廁身／厕身 (cèshēn) (humble)
插腳／插脚 (chājiǎo) (chiefly something one should not participate in)
攏場／拢场 (Xiang)
攏邊／拢边 (Xiang)
處身／处身 (chǔshēn) (formal)

(to put forth):

edit

Synonyms of 參加

代表 (dàibiǎo)
提出 (tíchū)
提起 (tíqǐ)
致 (zhì) (literary, or in compounds)
致以 (zhìyǐ)
表示 (biǎoshì)
表述 (biǎoshù)

展現／展现 (zhǎnxiàn)
發揮／发挥 (fāhuī)
發表／发表 (fābiǎo)
表現／表现 (biǎoxiàn)
表達／表达 (biǎodá)
達／达 (dá) (literary, or in compounds)

Derived terms

參加者／参加者 (cānjiāzhě)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (參加):

→ Japanese: 参(さん)加(か) (sanka)
→ Korean: 참가(參加) (chamga)
→ Vietnamese: tham gia (參加)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
參	加
さん Hyōgaiji	か Grade: 4
on’yomi

Noun

參(さん)加(か) • (sanka)

Kyūjitai form of 参加: participation, commitment

Verb

參(さん)加(か)する • (sanka suru) suru (stem 參(さん)加(か)し (sanka shi), past 參(さん)加(か)した (sanka shita))

Kyūjitai form of 参加: to participate, to join, to enter

Conjugation

Conjugation of "參加する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	參加し	さんかし	sanka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	參加し	さんかし	sanka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	參加する	さんかする	sanka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	參加する	さんかする	sanka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	參加すれ	さんかすれ	sanka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	參加せよ¹ 參加しろ²	さんかせよ¹ さんかしろ²	sanka seyo¹ sanka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	參加される	さんかされる	sanka sareru
Causative	參加させる參加さす	さんかさせるさんかさす	sanka saseru sanka sasu
Potential	參加できる	さんかできる	sanka dekiru
Volitional	參加しよう	さんかしよう	sanka shiyō
Negative	參加しない	さんかしない	sanka shinai
Negative continuative	參加せず	さんかせず	sanka sezu
Formal	參加します	さんかします	sanka shimasu
Perfective	參加した	さんかした	sanka shita
Conjunctive	參加して	さんかして	sanka shite
Hypothetical conditional	參加すれば	さんかすれば	sanka sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
參	加

Noun

參加 • (chamga) (hangeul 참가)

Hanja form^? of 참가 (“participation”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
參	加

Verb

參加

chữ Hán form of tham gia (“to participate, to take part”).

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