慣

See also: 惯

慣	U+6163, 慣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6163

← 慢
[U+6162]

CJK Unified Ideographs

慤 →
[U+6164]

Translingual

Han character

慣 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心田十金 (PWJC), four-corner 9708₆, composition ⿰忄貫)

Descendants

惯

References

KangXi: page 399, character 13

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11111

Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2349, character 1

Unihan data for U+6163

Chinese

trad.		慣
simp.		惯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (毌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
毌	koːn, koːns
貫	koːn, koːns
樌	*koːns
鏆	*koːns
遦	*koːns
慣	*kroːns
摜	*kroːns
瑻	*kuːn
謴	*kuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns) – habit is what one does by heart.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guàn (guan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): koan
Min Bei (KCR): gu̿ing
Min Dong (BUC): gáing / guáng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): koàn / koàiⁿ / kùiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): guang³ / guêng³ / guin³
Wu (Wiktionary): ²kue

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guàn
  - Wade–Giles: kuan⁴
  - Yale: gwàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
  - Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwaan³
  - Yale: gwaan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: guan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koan
  - Hakka Romanization System: guan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: guan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ku̯an⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gu̿ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuiŋ³³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gáing / guáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaiŋ²¹³/, /kuɑŋ²¹³/

Note:

gáing - vernacular (“accustomed”);
guáng - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
  - Tâi-lô: kuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kuàinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /kuãi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuãi¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kùiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kuìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvuix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kuĩ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuĩ⁴¹/

Note:

koàn - literary;
kòaiⁿ/kùiⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guang³ / guêng³ / guin³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuàng / kuèng / kùiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuaŋ²¹³/, /kueŋ²¹³/, /kũĩ²¹³/

Note:

guang3 - Shantou;
guêng3 - Chaozhou;
guin3 - dialectal usage (in 慣性).

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ²kue
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯe̞³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 慣
Mandarin	Beijing	/kuan⁵¹/
	Harbin	/kaun⁵³/
	Tianjin	/kuan⁵³/
	Jinan	/kuã²¹/
	Qingdao	/kuã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/kuan³¹²/
	Xi'an	/kuã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/kuã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/kuan¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kuɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kuan²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kuan³⁵/
	Chengdu	/kuan¹³/
	Guiyang	/kuan²¹³/
	Kunming	/kuã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/kuaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/kʊ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kuæ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/kuɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/kuæ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/kue³⁵/
	Suzhou	/kue̞⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/kuõ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ka⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/kuɛ³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/kuːə⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/kuan⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kuan⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/kuan⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kuan⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kuɑn⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwan³³/
	Nanning	/kʷɛn³³/
	Hong Kong	/kwan³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kuan²¹/ /kuãi²¹/ /kuĩ²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kuɑŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kuiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kuaŋ²¹³/ /kũi²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kuaŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kˠuan^H/

Rime
Character	慣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古患切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/kuan^H/
Wang Li	/kwan^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤro[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kroːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁro[n]-s/
English	accustomed to
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慣
Reading #	1/1
No.	4471
Phonetic component	毌
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	慣
Old Chinese	/*kroːns/
Notes	爾雅作貫，貫轉註字

Definitions

慣

to be accustomed to; to be used to
to spoil; to overindulge
(literary, or in compounds) habit; custom
(literary, or in compounds) habitually; usually

Synonyms

(to be accustomed to):

Dialectal synonyms of 習慣 (“to get used to; to be accustomed to”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		習慣
Mandarin	Taiwan	習慣
	Malaysia	習慣
	Singapore	習慣
Cantonese	Guangzhou	慣, 習慣
	Hong Kong	慣, 習慣
	Singapore (Guangfu)	慣
Hakka	Meixian	習慣, 慣
Min Nan	Xiamen	慣勢
	Quanzhou	慣勢
	Zhangzhou	慣勢
	Taipei	慣勢, 習慣 GT
	Tainan	慣勢
	Kinmen	慣勢
	Penang (Hokkien)	慣勢
	Singapore (Hokkien)	慣勢
	Shantou	習慣, 慣
	Jieyang	慣勢
Wu	Shanghai	習慣
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(habitually):

edit

常常 (chángcháng)
往往 (wǎngwǎng)
每每 (měiměi)

動輒／动辄 (dòngzhé) (literary)
時常／时常 (shícháng)
時時／时时 (shíshí)

終古／终古 (zhōnggǔ) (literary)
經常／经常 (jīngcháng)

Compounds

不慣／不惯 (bùguàn)
久慣牢成／久惯牢成
久慣老成／久惯老成
司空見慣／司空见惯 (sīkōngjiànguàn)
國際慣例／国际惯例
嬌慣／娇惯 (jiāoguàn)
嬌生慣養／娇生惯养 (jiāoshēngguànyǎng)
慣一／惯一
慣例／惯例 (guànlì)
慣勢／惯势
慣匪／惯匪
慣壞／惯坏 (guànhuài)
慣家／惯家
慣常／惯常 (guàncháng)
慣性／惯性 (guànxìng)
慣性定律／惯性定律

慣性導航／惯性导航
慣慣／惯惯
慣手／惯手
慣技／惯技
慣熟／惯熟
慣犯／惯犯 (guànfàn)
慣用／惯用 (guànyòng)
慣用語／惯用语 (guànyòngyǔ)
慣甲／惯甲
慣竊／惯窃 (guànqiè)
慣縱／惯纵
慣習／惯习 (guànxí)
慣落／惯落
慣行犯／惯行犯
慣賊／惯贼
慣養嬌生／惯养娇生

打破慣例／打破惯例
熟慣／熟惯
牢成久慣／牢成久惯
生活習慣／生活习惯
看不慣／看不惯 (kànbùguàn)
看慣／看惯
瞧不慣／瞧不惯
習慣／习惯 (xíguàn)
習慣性／习惯性
習慣法／习惯法 (xíguànfǎ)
老習慣／老习惯
能言慣道／能言惯道
能說慣道／能说惯道
見慣不驚／见惯不惊
見慣司空／见惯司空
風俗習慣／风俗习惯 (fēngsú xíguàn)

Japanese

Kanji

慣

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: けん (ken)
Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
Kun: なれる (nareru, 慣れる, Jōyō); ならす (narasu, 慣らす, Jōyō); ならわし (narawashi, 慣)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
慣
かん Grade: 5
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 慣 (MC kˠuan^H).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

慣(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)^?}

used to; accustomed; custom; habit

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 慣 (MC kˠuan^H).

Hanja

慣 (eumhun 버릇 관 (beoreut gwan))

Hanja form^? of 관 (“custom; habit”).

Compounds

관례 (慣例, gwallye, “convention, precedent”)
관행 (慣行, gwanhaeng, “customary practice”)
습관 (習慣, seupgwan, “habit”)
관성 (慣性, gwanseong, “inertia”)
관용 (慣用, gwanyong, “common usage”)
관습 (慣習, gwanseup, “custom, convention”)
관용구 (慣用句, gwanyonggu, “idiom”)
구관 (舊慣, gugwan, “old custom”)
관용음 (慣用音, gwanyong'eum)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

慣: Hán Nôm readings: quen, quán

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