掌

掌 U+638C, 掌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-638C
← 掋
[U+638B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 掍 →
[U+638D]

Translingual

Han character

掌 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 火月口手 (FBRQ), four-corner 90502, composition ⿱𫩠手 or ⿱龸𠰅)

References
  • KangXi: page 437, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12248
  • Dae Jaweon: page 786, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1889, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+638C

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 掌
alternative forms 𤓯

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 掌
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
當 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
襠 *taːŋ
鐺 *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ
簹 *taːŋ
璫 *taːŋ
檔 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
儅 *taːŋ, *taːŋs
蟷 *taːŋ
擋 *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs
黨 *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ
讜 *taːŋʔ
欓 *taːŋʔ
譡 *taːŋs
闣 *taːŋs
瓽 *taːŋs
鏜 *tʰaːŋ
闛 *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ
鼞 *tʰaːŋ
曭 *tʰaːŋʔ
儻 *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs
戃 *tʰaːŋʔ
矘 *tʰaːŋʔ
爣 *tʰaːŋʔ
攩 *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌 *tʰaːŋʔ
倘 *tʰaːŋʔ
躺 *tʰaːŋʔ
趟 *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂 *daːŋ
坣 *daːŋ
棠 *daːŋ
糛 *daːŋ
螳 *daːŋ
隚 *daːŋ
橖 *daːŋ
掌 *tjaŋʔ
廠 *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs
敞 *tʰjaŋʔ
僘 *tʰjaŋʔ
氅 *tʰjaŋʔ
常 *djaŋ
嘗 *djaŋ
裳 *djaŋ
徜 *djaŋ
尚 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
甞 *djaŋ
鋿 *djaŋ
嫦 *djaŋ
償 *djaŋ, *djaŋs
賞 *hjaŋʔ
瞠 *rtʰaːŋ
撐 *rtʰaːŋ
樘 *rtʰaːŋ
橕 *rtʰaːŋ
牚 *rtʰaːŋs
埫 *tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjaŋʔ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 手.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ciēng - vernacular (“finger”);
  • ciōng - literary.
Note:
  • chiúⁿ/chióⁿ - vernacular (“palm”);
  • chńg/chéng/chín - vernacular (“finger”, often written as 指, e.g. 掌甲, 掌頭仔);
  • chióng/chiáng - literary.
Note:
  • zion2 - Shantou;
  • ziên2 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: zhan3
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂan⁴¹/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /t͡san⁴¹/
Rime
Character 掌
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸兩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕɨɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕiɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕiɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cɨaŋX/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕiaŋX/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭaŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯aŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhǎng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zoeng2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 掌
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhǎng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyangX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k.t]aŋʔ/
English palm of the hand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 掌
Reading # 1/1
No. 11146
Phonetic
component		 尚
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 掌
Old
Chinese		 /*tjaŋʔ/

Definitions

掌

  1. palm of hand
  2. (Min) finger
  3. sole of foot
  4. shoe sole or heel
  5. horseshoe
  6. to slap
  7. to hold
  8. to control
  9. (dialectal Mandarin) to put (seasoning)
  10. (Sichuanese) to support; to hold

Compounds

Descendants
  • → Mongolian: зан (zan, “sole”)

Japanese

Kanji
掌

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. palm of the hand
  2. manipulate
  3. rule; administer

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
掌
てのひら
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
手の平
手のひら

From 手(て) (te, “hand”) + の (no, “-'s”) + 平(ひら) (hira, “flat”). Compare English flat of one's hand.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ての​ひら [tènóꜜhìrà] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • (Tokyo) て​のひら [téꜜnòhìrà] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA(key): [te̞no̞çiɾa̠]

Noun

掌(てのひら) • (te-no-hira) 

  1. (anatomy) a palm

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
掌
たなうら
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From 手(た) (ta-, “hand”) + な (na, “-'s”, archaic) + 裏(うら) (ura, “hidden side”).

Noun

掌(たなうら) • (tanaura) 

  1. (anatomy) a palm

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
掌
たなごころ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From 手(た) (ta-, “hand”) + な (na, “-'s”, archaic) + 心(こころ) (kokoro, “heart; inside”, rendaku form 心(ごころ) (gokoro)).

Noun

掌(たなごころ) • (tanagokoro) 

  1. (anatomy) a palm

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
掌
しょう
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 掌 (MC t͡ɕɨɐŋX).

Suffix

掌(しょう) • (-shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. (martial arts) used in the names of moves that involve hitting and pushing hard with the palm
    条(じゅう)拳(けん)法(ぽう)　八(はっ)卦(け)六(ろく)十(じゅう)四(よん)掌(しょう)
    Jūkenpō Hakke Rokujūyonshō
    Jūkenpō: Eight Trigrams, Sixty-Four Palms
    • 2003 September 22, Uraku, Akinobu, “第(だい)60話(わ)　少(しょう)女(じょ)の決(けつ)意(い) [Chapter 60: A Girl’s Resolve]”, in 東(とう)京(きょう)アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 30–31:
      これがこの赤(セキ)を師(スー)兵(ペイ)の頂(ちょう)点(てん)たらしめる炎(ほのお)だッ!!!我(が)龍(りゅう)双(そう)煉(れん)掌(しょう)
      Kore ga kono Seki o Sūpei no chōten tarashimeru honō da'!!! Garyū Sōrenshō
      This is the flame that helped put me, Seki, at the top of the Supei!!! Garyū Sōrenshō

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 掌 (MC t͡ɕɨɐŋX). Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 掌 (eumhun 손바닥 장 (sonbadak jang))

  1. Hanja form? of 장 (“palm of the hand”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

掌: Hán Nôm readings: chưởng

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