掛礙

Chinese

	to hang; to put up; to suspend	to hinder; to obstruct; to block
trad. (掛礙/挂礙)	掛/挂	礙
simp. (挂碍)	挂	碍
alternative forms	罣礙／罣碍絓礙

Etymology

Translation of Sanskrit आवरण (āvaraṇa, “covering; hiding; obscuring; obstructing”) or Sanskrit आलम्बन (ālambana, “depending on or from; hanging from”), as in चित्तावरण (cittāvaraṇa, literally “thought-covering”) or चित्तालम्बन (cittālambana, literally “mental hanging”) (Shi, 2014).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guà'ài

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚˋ ㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaa³ ngoi⁶
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kòa-gāi

(Teochew, Peng'im): gua³ ghai⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guà'ài → guà'ai (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚˋ ㄞˋ → ㄍㄨㄚˋ ˙ㄞ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guà-åi
  - Wade–Giles: kua⁴-ai⁵
  - Yale: gwà-ai
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guah.ay
  - Palladius: гуаай (guaaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwä⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/ → /kwä⁵¹ ˀaɪ̯¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwaa³ ngoi⁶
  - Yale: gwa ngoih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa³ ngoi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gua³ ngoi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaː³³ ŋɔːi̯²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kòa-gāi
  - Tâi-lô: kuà-gāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koargai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kua²¹⁻⁵³ ɡai²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kua²¹⁻⁵³ ɡai²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kua¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡai³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kua²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡai³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gua³ ghai⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuà gāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ɡai¹¹/

Middle Chinese: /kˠuɛ^H ŋʌi^H/

Rime
Character	掛	礙
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	佳 (32)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	古賣切	五漑切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuɛ^H/	/ŋʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚæ^H/	/ŋəi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuæi^H/	/ŋɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨj^H/	/ŋəj^H/
Li Rong	/kuɛ^H/	/ŋᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/kwai^H/	/ŋɒi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwai^H/	/ŋɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guà	ài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaai³	ngoi⁶

Verb

掛礙

(Buddhism, of the mind) to be hindered, thus unawakened; to be obstructed
to obstruct; to hinder
to worry; to be concerned

Synonyms

(to hinder):

edit

Synonyms of 掛礙

不通 (bùtōng)
堵塞 (dǔsè)
堵截 (dǔjié)
堵窒 (Min Nan)
截 (jié)
梗塞 (gěngsè)
蔽塞 (bìsè) (literary)
蔽障 (bìzhàng)
遮 (zhē) (literary, or in compounds)
阻住 (Cantonese)
阻塞 (zǔsè)
阻窒 (Min Nan)
妨礙／妨碍 (fáng'ài)
徑杈／径杈 (Hakka)
擋／挡 (dǎng)
擋住／挡住 (dǎngzhù)
攔／拦 (lán)

攔住／拦住 (lánzhù)
攔截／拦截 (lánjié)
攔擋／拦挡 (lándǎng)
攔閘／拦闸 (Min Nan)
攔阻／拦阻 (lánzǔ)
有礙／有碍 (yǒu'ài)
滯滯／滞滞 (Min Nan)
滯礙／滞碍 (zhì'ài)
礙噠／碍哒 (Xiang)
窒礙／窒碍 (zhì'ài) (literary)
閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
阻撓／阻挠 (zǔnáo)
阻擋／阻挡 (zǔdǎng)
阻攔／阻拦 (zǔlán)
阻滯／阻滞 (zǔzhì)
阻礙／阻碍 (zǔ'ài)
障礙／障碍 (zhàng'ài)

(to worry):

edit

Synonyms of 掛礙

怕 (pà)
急 (jí)
急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
恐怕 (kǒngpà)
患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
愁 (chóu)
揪心 (jiūxīn)
犯愁 (fànchóu)
著急／着急 (zháojí)
起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
憂心／忧心 (yōuxīn)

憂慮／忧虑 (yōulǜ)
懸心／悬心 (xuánxīn)
掛心／挂心 (guàxīn)
擔心／担心 (dānxīn)
擔憂／担忧 (dānyōu)
燒心／烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
疑慮／疑虑 (yílǜ)
發急／发急 (fājí)
發愁／发愁 (fāchóu)
發極／发极 (Wu)
顧慮／顾虑 (gùlǜ)

Antonyms

(to hinder):

edit

放行 (fàngxíng)
通行 (tōngxíng)

暢通／畅通 (chàngtōng)

Derived terms

心無掛礙／心无挂碍

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (罣礙／罣碍):

→ Japanese: 罣礙(けげ) (kege)
→ Korean: 가애(罣礙) (gaae)
→ Vietnamese: quái ngại (罣礙)

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