方言

Chinese
 
square; quadrilateral; place
square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just
 
to speak; to say; talk
to speak; to say; talk; word
simp. and trad.
(方言)		 方 言

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 方 言
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 陽 (106) 元 (65)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 府良切 語軒切
Baxter pjwang ngjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pʉɐŋ/ /ŋɨɐn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʷiɐŋ/ /ŋiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /piuɑŋ/ /ŋiɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /puaŋ/ /ŋɨan/
Li
Rong		 /piuaŋ/ /ŋiɐn/
Wang
Li		 /pĭwaŋ/ /ŋĭɐn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /piwaŋ/ /ŋɨ̯ɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fāng yán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fong1 jin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 方 言
Reading # 1/3 3/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fāng yán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pjang › ‹ ngjon ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C-paŋ/ /*ŋa[n]/
English square speak; speech

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 方 言
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 3023 14271
Phonetic
component		 方 言
Rime
group		 陽 元
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 方 言
Old
Chinese		 /*paŋ/ /*ŋan/
Notes 甲金文象槳即榜初文，
下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆

Noun

方言

  1. (linguistics) dialect; topolect; regional language variety
    天津方言  ―  Tiānjīn fāngyán  ―  Tianjin dialect (a dialect of Mandarin Chinese)
    廣州方言／广州方言  ―  Guǎngzhōu fāngyán  ―  Guangzhou Cantonese
    方言詞彙／方言词汇  ―  fāngyán cíhuì  ―  dialectal vocabulary
    德語方言／德语方言  ―  Déyǔ fāngyán  ―  German dialects
    《方言集釋》／《方言集释》  ―  “Fāngyán Jíshì”  ―  Collection and Explanation of Regional Tongues (Korean Joseon-era compilation of Chinese, Korean, Mongolian, Manchu, and Japanese)
  2. (specifically) non-Standard Mandarin variety of Chinese (such as dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Min Nan, etc.)
    他在家說方言，在學校說普通話。 [MSC, trad.]
    他在家说方言，在学校说普通话。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zài jiā shuō fāngyán, zài xuéxiào shuō pǔtōnghuà. [Pinyin]
    He speaks the local dialect at home and Standard Mandarin at school.
  3. (religion) tongues
    方言的恩賜／方言的恩赐  ―  fāngyán de ēncì  ―  the gift of tongues
    說方言／说方言  ―  shuō fāngyán  ―  to speak in tongues

Antonyms
  • (dialect): (historical) 雅言 (yǎyán)

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (方言):
  • → Japanese: 方言(ほうげん) (hōgen)
  • → Korean: 방언(方言) (bang'eon)
  • → Vietnamese: phương ngôn (方言)

Proper noun

方言

  1. Fangyan (the first Chinese dictionary of dialectal terms, written by Han dynasty scholar Yang Xiong)

Verb

方言

  1. (literary) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 方,‎ 言 (yán): to open one's mouth to speak after a period of silence

Japanese
Kanji in this term
方 言
ほう
Grade: 2		 げん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Noun

方(ほう)言(げん) • (hōgen) 

  1. a dialect; a provincialism

See also
  • Category:Regional Japanese
  • -弁(べん) (ben, “suffix for dialects”)

Korean
Hanja in this term
方言

Noun

方言 • (bang'eon) (hangeul 방언)

  1. Hanja form? of 방언 (“dialect, patois”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
方言

Noun

方言

  1. chữ Hán form of phương ngôn (“dialect”).
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