| east | safe; to raze; to exterminate safe; to raze; to exterminate; barbarian | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (東夷) | 東 | 夷 | |
| simp. (东夷) | 东 | 夷 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 東 | 夷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 德紅切 | 以脂切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tuŋ/ | /jiɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tuŋ/ | /ji/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tuŋ/ | /jɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/təwŋ/ | /ji/ |
| Li Rong |
/tuŋ/ | /i/ |
| Wang Li |
/tuŋ/ | /ji/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tuŋ/ | /i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dōng | yí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
dung1 | ji4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 東 | 夷 | 夷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
dōng | yí | yí |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tuwng › | ‹ yij › | ‹ yij › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?) | /*ləj/ | /*ləj/ |
| English | east | level, peaceful | foreigner (especially to the east) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 東 | 夷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2435 | 14862 |
| Phonetic component |
東 | 夷 |
| Rime group |
東 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
東 | 姨 |
| Old Chinese |
/*toːŋ/ | /*lil/ |
| Notes | 種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注 |
|