| east | (phonetic character); (final part.); (interj.) (phonetic character); (final part.); (interj.); flatter; an initial particle; prefix to names of people | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (東阿) | 東 | 阿 | |
| simp. (东阿) | 东 | 阿 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 東 | 阿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 德紅切 | 烏何切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tuŋ/ | /ʔɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tuŋ/ | /ʔɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/tuŋ/ | /ʔɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/təwŋ/ | /ʔa/ |
| Li Rong |
/tuŋ/ | /ʔɑ/ |
| Wang Li |
/tuŋ/ | /ɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tuŋ/ | /ʔɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dōng | ē |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
dung1 | o1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 東 | 阿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
dōng | ē |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tuwng › | ‹ ʔa › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?) | /*qˁa[j]/ |
| English | east | slope, river bank |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 東 | 阿 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2435 | 7468 |
| Phonetic component |
東 | 可 |
| Rime group |
東 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
東 | 阿 |
| Old Chinese |
/*toːŋ/ | /*qaːl/ |
| Notes | 種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注 |
|