清苦

Chinese

		clear; distinct; complete clear; distinct; complete; pure	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (清苦)		清	苦
simp. ^#(清苦)		清	苦

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīngkǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥㄎㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cing¹ fu²
Min Nan (POJ): chheng-khó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīngkǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥㄎㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cingkǔ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻing¹-kʻu³
  - Yale: chīng-kǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingkuu
  - Palladius: цинку (cinku)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cing¹ fu²
  - Yale: chīng fú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsing¹ fu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: qing¹ fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-khó͘
  - Tâi-lô: tshing-khóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhengqor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ³³ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

Adjective

清苦

(especially of scholars and intellectuals) destitute; poor; badly off

Synonyms

Synonyms of 清苦

㾪赤 (Hokkien)
䆀康 (Hokkien)
厄 (è) (literary, or in compounds)
困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
困苦 (kùnkǔ)
散 (sǎn) (Hokkien)
散赤 (Hokkien)
淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
苦寒 (kǔhán)
宋凶 (Hokkien)
散凶 (Hokkien)
困窮／困穷 (kùnqióng)

困難／困难 (kùnnan)
困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
清貧／清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
磽 (Teochew)
窮／穷 (qióng)
窮㾪／穷㾪 (Hokkien)
窮乏／穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
窮困／穷困 (qióngkùn)
窮苦／穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
窮赤／穷赤 (Hokkien)
艱苦／艰苦 (Hokkien)
貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
貧困／贫困 (pínkùn)
貧寒／贫寒 (pínhán)
貧瘠／贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
貧窮／贫穷 (pínqióng)
貧苦／贫苦 (pínkǔ)

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