磽

See also: 硗
磽 U+78FD, 磽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78FD
← 磼
[U+78FC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 磾 →
[U+78FE]

Translingual

Han character

磽 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一口土土山 (MRGGU), four-corner 14611, composition ⿰石堯)

  1. hard and infertile

References
  • KangXi: page 837, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24494
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1254, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2455, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+78FD

Chinese
trad. 磽
simp. 硗
alternative forms 磝

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (垚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撓 *hŋaːw, *rŋaːw, *rnaːwʔ
鐃 *rŋaːw
譊 *rŋaːw
橈 *rŋaːws, *ŋjew
磽 *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ
墝 *ŋ̊ʰreːw
穘 *hŋreːw
顤 *hŋreːw, *ŋeːws
燒 *hŋjew, *hŋjaws
饒 *ŋjew, *ŋjaws
蟯 *ŋjew, *ʔŋew
蕘 *ŋjew
襓 *ŋjew
繞 *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws
遶 *ŋjewʔ
嬈 *njewʔ, *neːwʔ, *hŋeːws
趬 *ŋ̊ʰew, *ŋ̊ʰews
蹺 *ŋ̊ʰew
翹 *ɡew, *ɡews
澆 *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws
驍 *ŋkeːw
僥 *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw
堯 *ŋeːw
垚 *ŋeːw
嶢 *ŋeːw
獟 *ŋeːws
膮 *hŋeːw, *hŋeːwʔ
嘵 *hŋeːw
憢 *hŋeːw
曉 *hŋeːwʔ
皢 *hŋeːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋ̊ʰreːw, *ŋreːws, *ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • kiao1 - Shantou, Jieyang;
  • kiou1 - Chaozhou, Chenghai.
Rime
Character 磽 磽 磽
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 溪 (29) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 肴 (90) 蕭 (93) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) II IV II
Fanqie 口交切 苦皎切 五敎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰˠau/ /kʰeuX/ /ŋˠauH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰᵚau/ /kʰeuX/ /ŋᵚauH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰau/ /kʰeuX/ /ŋauH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰaɨw/ /kʰɛwX/ /ŋaɨwH/
Li
Rong		 /kʰau/ /kʰeuX/ /ŋauH/
Wang
Li		 /kʰau/ /kʰieuX/ /ŋauH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰau/ /kʰieuX/ /ŋauH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qiāo qiǎo yào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 haau1 hiu2 ngaau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 磽
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qiāo
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khæw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[C.q]ʰˁrew/
English stony soil

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 磽 磽 磽
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 14661 14663 14688
Phonetic
component		 垚 垚 垚
Rime
group		 宵 宵 宵
Rime
subdivision		 2 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 敲 樂 磽
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋ̊ʰreːw/ /*ŋreːws/ /*ŋ̊ʰeːwʔ/

Definitions

磽

  1. (of land or soil) hard and rocky; solid and stony
  2. barren and infertile soil
  3. (Teochew) poor

Synonyms
  • (poor):
Dialectal synonyms of 貧窮 (“poor; impoverished; poverty-striken”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 貧, 窮
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒
Mandarin Taiwan 窮, 貧窮
Yantai (Muping) 窮
Luoyang 窮
Wanrong 窮
Xi'an 窮
Yinchuan 窮
Chengdu 苦寒
Nanjing 窮
Singapore 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦
Cantonese Guangzhou 窮
Hong Kong 窮
Taishan 窮
Gan Nanchang 窮
Pingxiang 窮
Hakka Meixian 窮
Jin Taiyuan 窮
Min Bei Jian'ou 窮無
Min Dong Fuzhou 窮
Min Nan Xiamen 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤
Quanzhou 宋凶, 窮赤
Hui'an 窮赤
Zhangzhou 宋凶, 散, 散赤
Tainan 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦
Shantou 窮, 磽
Jieyang 窮, 磽
Leizhou 窮
Wu Suzhou 窮
Danyang 窮
Hangzhou 窮
Jinhua 倒灶

Compounds
  • 磽地／硗地
  • 磽瘠／硗瘠
  • 磽确／硗确
  • 磽薄／硗薄

Japanese

Kanji
磽

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. rocky
  2. barren

Readings
  • Go-on: きょう (kyō)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō)

Korean

Hanja

磽 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)

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