皇天后土
Chinese
| the great and almighty heavens above | earth god; Houtu; the vast earth | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (皇天后土) |
皇天 | 后土 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Pinyin): huángtiānhòutǔ
- (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄨˇ
- Cantonese (Jyutping): wong4 tin1 hau6 tou2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: huángtiānhòutǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huángtianhòutǔ
- Wade–Giles: huang2-tʻien1-hou4-tʻu3
- Yale: hwáng-tyān-hòu-tǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwangtianhowtuu
- Palladius: хуантяньхоуту (xuantjanʹxoutu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xwɑŋ³⁵ tʰjɛn⁵⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: wong4 tin1 hau6 tou2
- Yale: wòhng tīn hauh tóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: wong4 tin1 hau6 tou2
- Guangdong Romanization: wong4 tin1 heo6 tou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɔːŋ²¹ tʰiːn⁵⁵ hɐu̯²² tʰou̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Middle Chinese: /ɦwɑŋ tʰen ɦəuX|ɦəuH tʰuoX/
| Rime | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 皇 | 天 | 后 | 后 | 土 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 透 (6) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) | 先 (85) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | IV | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡光切 | 他前切 | 胡口切 | 胡遘切 | 他魯切 |
| Reconstructions | |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦwɑŋ/ | /tʰen/ | /ɦəuX/ | /ɦəuH/ | /tʰuoX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦʷɑŋ/ | /tʰen/ | /ɦəuX/ | /ɦəuH/ | /tʰuoX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣuɑŋ/ | /tʰɛn/ | /ɣəuX/ | /ɣəuH/ | /tʰoX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦwaŋ/ | /tʰɛn/ | /ɦəwX/ | /ɦəwH/ | /tʰɔX/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣuɑŋ/ | /tʰen/ | /ɣuX/ | /ɣuH/ | /tʰoX/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣuɑŋ/ | /tʰien/ | /ɣəuX/ | /ɣəuH/ | /tʰuX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣwɑŋ/ | /tʰien/ | /ɣə̯uX/ | /ɣə̯uH/ | /tʰuoX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
huáng | tiān | hòu | hòu | tǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
wong4 | tin1 | hau6 | hau6 | tou2 |
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤaŋ l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n] ɢˤ(r)oʔ tʰˤaʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːŋ qʰl'iːn ɡoːʔ|ɡoːs l̥ʰaːʔ/
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 皇 | 皇 | 天 | 天 | 后 | 土 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
huáng | huáng | tiān | xiān | hòu | tǔ |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hwang › | ‹ hwang › | ‹ then › | ‹ xen › | ‹ huwX › | ‹ thuX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/ | /*l̥ˁi[n]/ | /*l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-) | /*ɢˁ(r)oʔ/ | /*tʰˁaʔ/ |
| English | yellow and white spotted | sovereign | heaven | heaven | sovereign; queen | earth |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||||||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 皇 | 天 | 后 | 后 | 土 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| No. | 12696 | 12387 | 5168 | 5172 | 12499 |
| Phonetic component |
王 | 天 | 后 | 后 | 土 |
| Rime group |
陽 | 眞 | 侯 | 侯 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
黃 | 天 | 厚 | 𠋫 | 土 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡʷaːŋ/ | /*qʰl'iːn/ | /*ɡoːʔ/ | /*ɡoːs/ | /*l̥ʰaːʔ/ |
| Notes | 禮王制鄭注冕屬， 金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文 |
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