科

科 U+79D1, 科
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79D1
← 秐
[U+79D0]
CJK Unified Ideographs 秒 →
[U+79D2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

科 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木卜十 (HDYJ), four-corner 24900, composition ⿰禾斗)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 850, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24950
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1274, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2595, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+79D1

Chinese

simp. and trad.
科

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 科
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰoːl, *kʰoːls) and ideogrammic compound (會意) : phonetic 禾 (OC *ɡoːl, “grain”) + semantic 斗 (“measuring tool”).

Etymology 1

Possibly a *k-prefixed noun derived from 和 (OC *ɡoːl), hence “the things which harmonize” (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • khe/kher - vernacular (rare in Taiwan, not used in Zhangzhou);
  • kho - literary.

Rime
Character 科
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦禾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰuɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰuɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰuɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰwa/
Li
Rong
/kʰuɑ/
Wang
Li
/kʰuɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰuɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
kuō
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fo1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 科
Reading # 1/2
No. 4926
Phonetic
component
禾
Rime
group
歌
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
科
Old
Chinese
/*kʰoːl/
Definitions

科

  1. sort; class; kind
  2. law; regulation
  3. (historical) imperial examination
  4. article; clause
  5. norms; rules
  6. division; branch (of study) (Classifier: 個/个)
  7. section; department
  8. (taxonomy) family
  9. (Chinese theater) action; enactment (as opposed to dialogue, recitation, or singing)
    插科打諢/插科打诨  ―  chākēdǎhùn  ―  to improvise for hilarity; to jest
  10. to pass a sentence
  11. to check; to examine
  12. to punish; to fine or levy taxes

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (科):
  • → Japanese: 科(か) (ka)
  • → Korean: 과(科) (gwa)
  • → Vietnamese: khoa (科)
See also

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character 科
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰwaH/
Li
Rong
/kʰuɑH/
Wang
Li
/kʰuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
kuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fo3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 科
Reading # 2/2
No. 4930
Phonetic
component
禾
Rime
group
歌
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰoːls/
Definitions

科

  1. † to grow; to tiller

Pronunciation

Definitions

科

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) Alternative form of fol (fo1, “to follow”).

References

Japanese

Kanji

科

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. grade
  2. categorized classes or the text of law
  3. graded crimes
  4. examinations graded in classes
  5. divide taxes or crimes
  6. a (circular) hole

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
科
か
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Suffix

科(か) • (-ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

  1. department, section
  2. (taxonomy) family

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
科
とが
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Noun

科(とが) • (toga) 

  1. crime; wrongdoing

References

  1. Takumi KASHIMA (加島 巧) and Loretta LORENZ, transl.,(2007 December 30), “Takasebune (English Translation of Mori Ogai's Takasebune)”, in 長崎外大論叢‎

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 科 (MC kʰuɑ).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 科 (eumhun 과정 과 (gwajeong gwa))

  1. Hanja form? of 과 (“sort; class”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

科: Hán Nôm readings: khoa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

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