竇

See also: 窦

竇	U+7AC7, 竇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AC7

← 竆
[U+7AC6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

竈 →
[U+7AC8]

Translingual

Han character

竇 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 十金土田金 (JCGWC), four-corner 3080₆, composition ⿱穴賣(GTK) or ⿱穴𧶠(HJ))

References

KangXi: page 869, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25695
Dae Jaweon: page 1298, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2745, character 12
Unihan data for U+7AC7

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 竇
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (𧶠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
竇	*l'oːɡs
續	ljoɡs, ljoɡ
覿	*l'juːɡ
黷	*l'oːɡ
讟	*l'oːɡ
殰	*l'oːɡ
讀	*l'oːɡ
櫝	*l'oːɡ
牘	*l'oːɡ
儥	*l'oːɡ
贕	*l'oːɡ
皾	*l'oːɡ
瓄	*l'oːɡ
瀆	*l'oːɡ
豄	*l'oːɡ
韇	*l'oːɡ
嬻	*l'oːɡ
犢	*l'oːɡ
匵	*l'oːɡ
藚	*ljoɡ
襩	*ɦljoɡ
贖	*ɦljoɡ
𧶠	*luɡ

Etymology 1

trad.		竇
simp.		窦

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dòu (dou⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dau⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dòu
  - Wade–Giles: tou⁴
  - Yale: dòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dow
  - Palladius: доу (dou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dau⁶
  - Yale: dauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: deo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu̯²²/

Middle Chinese: /dəu^H/

Rime
Character	竇
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	田候切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dəu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/dəu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/dəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəw^H/
Li Rong	/du^H/
Wang Li	/dəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤok-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'oːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	竇
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dòu
Middle Chinese	‹ duw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁok-s/
English	hole; drain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	竇
Reading #	1/1
No.	16033
Phonetic component	𧶠
Rime group	竇
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*l'oːɡs/

Definitions

竇

hole; burrow
(anatomy) cavity; sinus
a surname
- 竇燕山，有義方；教五子，名俱揚。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  窦燕山，有义方；教五子，名俱扬。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Three Character Classic, circa 13^th century CE
  Dòu Yānshān, yǒu yìfāng; jiào wǔ zǐ, míng jù yáng. [Pinyin]
  Dou of the Yan Mountains had the right method. He taught five sons, each of whom raised the family reputation.

Etymology 2

trad.		竇
simp.		窦
alternative forms		藪／薮 Hakka

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): dau³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): teu

(Meixian, Guangdong): dêu⁴
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): dao³

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dau³
  - Yale: dau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: deo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐu̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: teu
  - Hakka Romanization System: deu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: deu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /teu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dêu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /teu⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dao³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tàu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau²¹³/

Definitions

竇

(Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) nest; den
老鼠竇／老鼠窦 [Cantonese] ― lou⁵ syu² dau³ [Jyutping] ― rat's nest

雀竇／雀窦 [Cantonese] ― zoek³ dau³ [Jyutping] ― bird's nest
- 1883, Fielde, Adele Marion, “巢 (tàu)”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 527:
  
  客鳥巢／客鸟巢 [Teochew] ― kêh⁴ ziou² dao³ [Peng'im] ― a magpie's nest
(Cantonese, Hakka, colloquial) home
(Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, colloquial) hideout
- 1883, Fielde, Adele Marion, “巢 (tàu)”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 527:
  
  打破伊個賊巢 [Teochew, trad.]
  打破伊个贼巢 [Teochew, simp.]
  pah⁴ pua³ i¹ gai⁵ cag⁸ dao³ [Peng'im]
  destroy a retreat of robbers

Compounds

上頜竇／上颌窦 (shànghédòu)
圭竇／圭窦
弊竇／弊窦
情竇／情窦
情竇初開／情窦初开
狗竇／狗窦 (gǒudòu)
狗竇大開／狗窦大开
由竇尚書／由窦尚书

疑竇／疑窦 (yídòu)
竇太后／窦太后
竇娥冤／窦娥冤
竇房結／窦房结 (dòufángjié)
篩竇／筛窦 (shāidòu)
篳門圭竇／筚门圭窦
篳門閨竇／筚门闺窦 (bìménguīdòu)

蓽門圭竇／荜门圭窦
蝶竇／蝶窦 (diédòu)
閉門塞竇／闭门塞窦
頸動脈竇／颈动脉窦 (jǐngdòngmàidòu)
額竇／额窦 (édòu)
鼻竇／鼻窦 (bídòu)
鼻竇炎／鼻窦炎 (bídòuyán)

Japanese

Kanji

竇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): とう (tō); とく (toku)
Kun: あな (ana)

Korean

Hanja

竇 (eum 두 (du))

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Vietnamese

Han character

竇: Hán Nôm readings: đậu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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