許可

See also: 许可

Chinese
 
to allow; to permit; to praise
to allow; to permit; to praise; surname
 
can; may; able to
can; may; able to; certain(ly); to suit; (particle used for emphasis)
trad. (許可) 許 可
simp. (许可) 许 可

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 許 可
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 魚 (22) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 虚吕切 枯我切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hɨʌX/ /kʰɑX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hiɔX/ /kʰɑX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xiɔX/ /kʰɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hɨə̆X/ /kʰaX/
Li
Rong		 /xiɔX/ /kʰɑX/
Wang
Li		 /xĭoX/ /kʰɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xi̯woX/ /kʰɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xǔ kě
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 heoi2 ho2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 許 可
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xǔ kě
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xjoX › ‹ khaX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰ(r)aʔ/ /*[k]ʰˁa[j]ʔ/
English place (n.); allow may; acceptable

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 許 可
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 13180 7446
Phonetic
component		 午 可
Rime
group		 魚 歌
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 可
Old
Chinese		 /*hŋaʔ/ /*kʰaːlʔ/

Verb

許可

  1. to permit; to allow
    入境許可／入境许可  ―  rùjìng xǔkě  ―  entry permit
    未經許可／未经许可  ―  wèijīng xǔkě  ―  without permission
    毒物質含量超過正常許可值數倍。 [MSC, trad.]
    毒物质含量超过正常许可值数倍。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dúwùzhì hánliàng chāoguò zhèngcháng xǔkězhí shù bèi. [Pinyin]
    The content of toxins in the substance exceeds twice the allowed quantity.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (許可):
  • → Japanese: 許(きょ)可(か) (kyoka)
  • → Korean: 허가(許可) (heoga)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
許 可
きょ
Grade: 5		 か
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) きょ​か [kyóꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA(key): [kʲo̞ka̠]

Noun

許(きょ)可(か) • (kyoka) 

  1. permission, consent from someone
  2. a legal permit, legal permission
    許(きょ)可(か)が必要(ひつよう)です。
    Kyoka ga hitsuyō desu.
    You need permission for that.

Verb

許(きょ)可(か)する • (kyoka suru) transitive suru (stem 許(きょ)可(か)し (kyoka shi), past 許(きょ)可(か)した (kyoka shita))

  1. to permit, to allow
  2. to grant legal permission

Conjugation
Conjugation of "許可する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 許可し きょかし kyoka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 許可し きょかし kyoka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 許可する きょかする kyoka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 許可する きょかする kyoka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 許可すれ きょかすれ kyoka sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 許可せよ¹
許可しろ²		 きょかせよ¹
きょかしろ²		 kyoka seyo¹
kyoka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 許可される きょかされる kyoka sareru
Causative 許可させる
許可さす		 きょかさせる
きょかさす		 kyoka saseru
kyoka sasu
Potential 許可できる きょかできる kyoka dekiru
Volitional 許可しよう きょかしよう kyoka shiyō
Negative 許可しない きょかしない kyoka shinai
Negative continuative 許可せず きょかせず kyoka sezu
Formal 許可します きょかします kyoka shimasu
Perfective 許可した きょかした kyoka shita
Conjunctive 許可して きょかして kyoka shite
Hypothetical conditional 許可すれば きょかすれば kyoka sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

References
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
  • 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
許可

Noun

許可 • (heoga) (hangeul 허가)

  1. Hanja form? of 허가 (“permission”).
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