允

See also: 充
允 U+5141, 允
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5141
← 兀
[U+5140]
CJK Unified Ideographs 兂 →
[U+5142]

Translingual

Han character

允 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹山 (IHU), four-corner 23210, composition ⿱厶儿)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 123, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1338
  • Dae Jaweon: page 258, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 265, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5141

Chinese

simp. and trad.
允

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 允
Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) .

Small seal script (corrupted form): Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *lunʔ) : phonetic 㠯 (OC *lɯʔ) + semantic 儿.

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs *winʔ or *junʔ:

  • If *junʔ, then possibly related to Burmese ယုံ (yum, “to believe”); if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *yum (“to believe”); other cognates would then be Asho Chin yón-é, Mara Chin zó, Lahu ʑo³¹.
  • If *winʔ, then 信 (OC *hljins) (minimally reconstructed *sin(s)) is its possible derivative.

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 允
Mandarin Beijing /yn²¹⁴/
/ʐuən²¹⁴/
Harbin /yn²¹³/
Tianjin /yŋ¹³/
Jinan /yẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /yə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /yn⁵³/
Xi'an /yẽ⁵³/
Xining /yə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /yŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ỹn⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐuŋ⁵¹/
/vɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /yn⁴²/
Chengdu /yn⁵³/
/yoŋ⁵³/
Guiyang /in⁴²/
Kunming /ĩ⁵³/
Nanjing /yn²¹²/
Hefei /yn²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /yəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /yŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ỹŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦyŋ²³/
/ɦioŋ²³/
Suzhou /yən⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ʔin⁵³/
Wenzhou /j̠oŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /yʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /yan²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yn⁴¹/
Xiangtan /yn⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /yn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐn³⁵/
Nanning /wɐn³⁵/
Hong Kong /wɐn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /un⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /yŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /œyŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /zuŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zun²¹³/

Rime
Character 允
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 諄 (47)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余準切
Baxter ywinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jiuɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/jʷinX/
Shao
Rongfen
/juenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jwinX/
Li
Rong
/iuĕnX/
Wang
Li
/jĭuĕnX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯uĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǔn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wan5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 允
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yǔn
Middle
Chinese
‹ ywinX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[l]u[r]ʔ/
English truly

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 允
Reading # 1/1
No. 16452
Phonetic
component
允
Rime
group
文
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
尹
Old
Chinese
/*lunʔ/
Notes 說文以聲

Definitions

允

  1. † to allow; to consent; to permit
    允許/允许  ―  yǔnxǔ  ―  to allow
  2. † fair; just; equitable; even-handed; impartial
    公允  ―  gōngyǔn  ―  fair
  3. † proper; suitable; appropriate
  4. † honest; genuine
  5. a surname

Synonyms

  • (to allow):
  • (fair):
  • (proper):
  • (honest):

Compounds

  • 平允 (píngyǔn)
  • 慨允
  • 明允
  • 祝允明
  • 答允 (dāyǔn)
  • 面允
  • 允准 (yǔnzhǔn)
  • 允執其中/允执其中
  • 允執厥中/允执厥中

References

Japanese

Kanji

允

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Proper noun

允(まこと) • (Makoto) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

允 (eum 윤 (yun))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

允: Hán Nôm readings: doãn, duẫn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.