賒

See also: 赊

賒	U+8CD2, 賒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CD2

← 賑
[U+8CD1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

賓 →
[U+8CD3]

Translingual

Han character

賒 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 月金人一火 (BCOMF), four-corner 6889₁, composition ⿰貝佘)

References

KangXi: page 1208, character 35
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 49736
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3642, character 17
Unihan data for U+8CD2

Chinese

trad.		賒
simp.		赊
alternative forms		𧴳賖𧶟

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
斜	lja, laː
茶	*rlaː
荼	rlaː, ɦlja, *l'aː
梌	rlaː, l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽	*rlaː
塗	rlaː, l'aː
佘	*ɦlja
賒	*hljaː
畬	hljaː, la
舍	hljaːʔ, hljaːs
捨	*hljaːʔ
騇	hljaːʔ, hljaːs
涻	*hljaːs
稌	l̥ʰaː, l̥ʰaːʔ
悇	l̥ʰaː, l̥ʰas, *las
庩	*l̥ʰaː
捈	l̥ʰaː, l'aː
途	*l'aː
酴	*l'aː
駼	*l'aː
鵌	l'aː, la
涂	l'aː, l'a
嵞	*l'aː
峹	*l'aː
筡	l'aː, l̥ʰa
蒤	*l'aː
徐	*lja
俆	*lja
敘	*ljaʔ
漵	*ljaʔ
除	l'a, l'as
篨	*rla
滁	*rla
蒢	*rla
蜍	ɦlja, la
鵨	*hljaː
瑹	*hlja
余	*la
餘	*la
艅	*la
狳	*la
雓	*la
悆	*las

Originally written as 賖, which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljaː) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) – to buy or sell on credit.

In the era of Middle Chinese, a vulgar form 𧶟, also a phono-semantic compound (形聲) with phonetic component 舍 (MC ɕia^X, ɕia^H) that was more similar-sounding to the character, once appeared but never became popularized.

The current form 賒 appeared as a vulgar form at the Ming-Qing transition and is a phono-semantic compound (形聲) with phonetic component 佘 that is similar-sounding to the character.

Etymology

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej (“to change, exchange, buy”) (whence also 移 (OC *lal, “change, alter”) & 易 (OC *leɡ, “change, exchange”)); if so, Chinese vocalism might have been influenced by superficially similar words like 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, “to bestow, to give”) (Schuessler, 2007).

商 (OC *hljaŋ) is its derivative with terminative suffix *-ŋ; 貰 (OC), minimally reconstructed as *lhas ~ *m-las, is another with *-s > *-h extrovert suffix (ibid.).

Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk)'s possible relation to 賒 (OC *hljaː) (ibid.) is through its cognate 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ), wherefrom arose Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk), Lao ແລກ (lǣk), Shan လႅၵ်ႈ (lēk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥐ (laek), & Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik) (Pittayaporn, 2014)

Lastly, Bodman (1980)) proposes cognacy to Tibetan གྱར་བ (gyar ba, “to borrow, to lend, to hire”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shē (she¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄜ
Cantonese (Jyutping): se¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhâ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ca¹
Min Bei (KCR): chiá
Min Dong (BUC): siă
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sia

(Teochew, Peng'im): cia¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shē
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: she
  - Wade–Giles: shê¹
  - Yale: shē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: she
  - Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: se¹
  - Yale: sē
  - Cantonese Pinyin: se¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sé¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ca´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ca¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ca¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰia⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sia⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia
  - Tâi-lô: sia
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕia³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕia⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cia¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshia
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰia³³/

Middle Chinese: /ɕia/

Rime
Character	賒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	式車切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕia/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕia/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕia/
Li Rong	/ɕia/
Wang Li	/ɕĭa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	se¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥A/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	賒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shē
Middle Chinese	‹ syae ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥A/
English	trade on credit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	賒
Reading #	1/1
No.	15753
Phonetic component	余
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	奢
Old Chinese	/*hljaː/
Notes	說文右從餘聲

Definitions

賒

to buy and sell on credit
賒賬／赊账 ― shēzhàng ― to buy or sell on credit
^† to forgive
^† distant; far
- 北海雖賒，扶搖可接。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  北海虽赊，扶摇可接。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 王勃 (Wang Bo), 《滕王閣序》, 675 CE
  Běihǎi suī shē, fúyáo kě jiē. [Pinyin]
  Though the Northern Ocean may be very distant, it can still be reached by tornado.
^† (of time) long; long-standing
^† sparse; rare
^† slow

Compounds

賒借／赊借
賒帳／赊帐
賒欠／赊欠 (shēqiàn)

賒貸／赊贷
賒賬／赊账 (shēzhàng)

賒購／赊购 (shēgòu)
賒銷／赊销

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (賒):

→ Vietnamese: xa (賒)

References

“賒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03960

Japanese

Kanji

賒

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): しゃ (sha)

Vietnamese

Han character

賒: Hán Nôm readings: xa

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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